The Redstockings Womens Liberation Group

The radical feminist group Redstockings was founded in New York in 1969. The name Redstockings was a play on the word bluestocking, adapted to include red, a color long associated with revolution and uprising. Bluestocking was an old term for a woman who had intellectual or literary interests, instead of the supposedly acceptable feminine interests. The word bluestocking had been applied with a negative connotation to 18th and 19th-century feminist women. Who Were the Redstockings? Redstockings formed when the 1960s group New York Radical Women (NYRW) dissolved. NYRW split up after disagreements about political action, feminist theory, and leadership structure. NYRW members began meeting in separate smaller groups, with some women choosing to follow the leader whose philosophy matched theirs. Redstockings was started by Shulamith Firestone and Ellen Willis. Other members included prominent feminist thinkers Corrine Grad Coleman, Carol Hanisch, and Kathie (Amatniek) Sarachild. Redstockings Manifesto and Beliefs The members of Redstockings firmly believed that women were oppressed as a class. They also asserted that the existing male-dominated society was inherently flawed, destructive, and oppressive. Redstockings wanted the feminist movement to reject the flaws in liberal activism and protest movements. Members said that the existing left perpetuated a society with men in positions power and women stuck in support positions or making coffee. The Redstockings Manifesto called for women to unite to achieve liberation from men as the agents of oppression. The Manifesto also insisted that women not be blamed for their own oppression. Redstockings rejected economic, racial, and class privileges and demanded an end to the exploitative structure of male-dominated society. The Work of Redstockings Redstockings members spread feminist ideas such as consciousness-raising and the slogan sisterhood is powerful. Early group protests included a 1969 abortion speak-out in New York. Redstockings members were appalled by a legislative hearing on abortion at which there were at least a dozen male speakers, and the only woman who spoke was a nun. To protest, they held their own hearing, where women testified about personal experiences with abortion. Redstockings Published a book called Feminist Revolution in 1975. It contained history and analysis of the feminist movement, with writings about what had been achieved and what the next steps would be. Redstockings now exists as a grassroots think tank working on Womens Liberation issues. Veteran members of Redstockings established an archive project in 1989 to collect and make available texts and other materials from the Womens Liberation movement.

Sanitation And Child s Health - 879 Words

Furthermore, there is strong association between sanitation and child’s health as Sanitation is the other important factor for health lifestyle. People in Ethiopia do not even have the accessibility to safe drinking water (Mazur, 2017). Insanitation is the major cause for acute diarrheal diseases in children and hence malnutrition. Educated mother will tend to maintain more hygiene surroundings than illiterate ones. It was found that chances of acute malnutrition are 14 folds higher in children whose mother does not frequently wash their hands than those who wash more frequently (Mazur, 2017). There are no facilities available to educate pregnant women regarding the health of their child and nutrition. Not attending antenatal care also†¦show more content†¦Female teachers can voluntarily participate to organize campaigns to teach women regarding the nutritional requirements of their body during pregnancy and that of their child. They should also be made aware about th e importance of breastfeeding their child. Leaders can make policies in which education till secondary level should be made mandatory for all. Parental illiteracy can be dealt in this way, which will help to reduce poverty and will improve child’s health. Education is the key for every solution. It will also contribute to reduce unemployment rate in Ethiopia and thus poverty and ultimately malnutrition. NGOs can also invest in campaigns and can help school authorities to provide education. They can also provide free lunch boxes to children at schools. Poverty also needs to be addressed first if we want to remove malnutrition and hunger in Ethiopia. Executive directors of World Bank, other national and international organizations should try to financially support the country to improve quality and quantity of its agriculture. Private sector representatives can also provide help in this by raising funds from donations (Gillespie, Haddad, Mannar, Menon, Nisbett, 2013). In addition, medical sector can also considerably help to combat this problem. Medical health officers should provide health service package to treat malnutrition related illness. Health care professionals should be encouraged to volunteer serveShow MoreRelatedA Health Profile Of The Country Of Malawi Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to create a health profile of the country of Malawi identifying the state of the overall health of the country based on specific health issues. Malawi has a population of 15,263,000. The average lifespan for males is 44 years and the average lifespan for females is 51 years. The leading causes of death in Malawi are HIV/AIDS, Lower Respiratory Infections, Malaria, Diarrheal Disease, and Perinatal Conditions. Infant mortality has a rate of 58 deaths for every 1,000 liveRead MoreTaking a Look at Bolivia1826 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing to talk about poverty in Bolivia, and how it has caused an epidemic of malnutrition children, I ’m then going to narrow the topic down by talking about Bolivia’s child mortality rates and healthcare system, and the problems with healthcare access, I’m going to talk about Bolivia’s lack of access to food security and sanitation, and lastly I’m going to talk about the benefits that the popularity of the Bolivian crop quinoa has had on Bolivian nutrition. Bolivia history and poverty Since theRead MoreGlobal Data On Visual Impairment1144 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal data on visual impairment in the year2002. Bull World Health Organ 88(11); pp. 844-51////////////////////////////////// Resnkoff, S., Pascolini, D., Etya’ale, D., Kocur, I., Pararajasegaram, R and Pokharel, G.P (2004) Ritchie, J and Lewis, J (2003) Qualitative Research Practice a guide to Social Science Students and Researchers. London: Sage Publications./////////////////////////////////////////////// Robinson, A. (2002) VIP Latrines in Zimbabwe from Local Innovation to Global Solution FieldRead MoreBreastfeeding Is The Way Of Feeding A Baby From The Lactation Directly From A Mother s Breast1467 Words   |  6 Pagesway of feeding, through studies, is said to be the most appropriate and beneficial way to provide nourishment for most infants. This method is not only beneficial for financial and health rationale, but it is also beneficial to the mind and development of the child. Moms who are in favor of the benefits of their child, will breast feed, and these favoring moms on the go will breastfeed in public. Though many are in favor of breastfeeding, there is also a large group of people who believes breastingRead More Water, environment and sanitation Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pages Water, environment and sanitation Issue The combination of safe drinking water and hygienic sanitation facilities is a precondition for health and for success in the fight against poverty, hunger, child deaths and gender inequality. UNICEF works in more than 90 countries around the world to improve water supplies and sanitation facilities in schools and communities, and to promote safe hygiene practices. All UNICEF water and sanitation programmes are designed to contribute to the Millennium DevelopmentRead MoreThe Food Intake Is A Major Determinant Of Nutritional Status Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesreligion, education and occupation of the parents, also influence child health. Each component of SES displays varied relationships to various health outcomes and provides different resources. There is also a sequential dimension to their relationship, i.e. if an education level is achieved, it enables an occupation level to be achieved that returns a level of income. However, despite economic growth, India is far behind the world s poorest nations in human development. Moreover, the development seemsRead MoreLocal Water Management1148 Words   |  5 PagesHumphrey, J (2009).Child under nutrition, tropical enteropathy, toilets and hand washing. The Lancet, 374 (9694), pp 1032-1035 Iyer, R (2002) â€Å"Water- Related Conflicts: Factors, Aspects, Issues† in Mekenkamp, M., van Tongeren, P and van de Veen, H, Searching for Peace in Central and South Asia. Boulder, CO: Lynner Rienner Publishers, pp.136-163. Janakarajan, S (2002) Conflicts over the Invisible Resources: Is there a Way Out? In Moench, M., Caspari, E and Ajay, D (eds) Rethinking the Mosaic: InvestigationsRead MoreMalnutrition Between Children And Developing Countries979 Words   |  4 Pageson timely manner. In 2007, 148 million children under age five in the developing world were underweight for their age Two thirds of these children live in Asia, and just over one quarter live in Africa (â€Å"148 Million†). Malnutrition, a common public health problem among children in developing countries, is caused by the lack of a balanced diet, proper hygiene, and awareness. Firstly, balanced diet plays crucial role in human growth and development. Not eating proper food or eating the food that do notRead MoreInformation About The World Vision1478 Words   |  6 Pagesand communities to overcome poverty and injustice. We will be focusing on health care. Brief History of World Vision - World Vision started with a man trying to help children in a country with just $5. World Vision was created by Bob Pierce, he created a child sponsorship program which began in 1953, caring directly for children in orphanages. In the 1960’s the work expanded rapidly in more countries globally. In the 2000’s the Hope Initiative is launched to care for hundreds of thousands of childrenRead MoreHealth Problem : Personal Hygiene And Spreading Germs1053 Words   |  5 PagesA rationale for â€Å"Getting Everyone Ready for Maximum Sanitation (G.E.R.M.S)† Target Population: Preschool and Pre-Kindergarten children (Ages 4 and 5) Health Problem: Personal hygiene and spreading germs Program Setting: Local preschool Program Planners: Terri Finkley, Katie Ford, Natalie Tilson, and Katelyn Kanode Program Administrator: Dr. Jane Petrillo Program Dates: TBA The key to health is literally in one’s hands, that is, clean hands. According to the Centers for Disease Control

Alcohol - 3150 Words

0.35 - 0.50 Coma Complete unconsciousness Depressed or abolished reflexes Subnormal body temperature Incontinence Impairment of circulation and respiration Possible death 0.45 + Death Death from respiratory arrest ________________________________________ Absorption Alcohol is absorbed from all parts of the gastrointestinal tract largely by simple diffusion into the blood. However the small intestine is by far the most efficient region of the gastrointestinal tract for alcohol absorption because of its very large surface area. In a fasting individual, it is generally agreed that 10% to 20% of a dose of alcohol is absorbed from the stomach (the volume of alcohol affects the absorption) and 75% to 80% is absorbed from the small†¦show more content†¦Alcohol Content It s not how many drinks that you have, but how much alcohol that you consume. The concentration of the drinks that one ingest can have a slight effect on the peak alcohol concentration due to the differences in absorption rate of different concentrations of alcohol. Alcohol is most rapidly absorbed when the concentration of the drink is between 10% and 30%. Below 10% the concentration gradient in the gastrointestinal tract is low and slows absorption and the added volumes of liquid involved slow gastric emptying. On the other hand concentrations higher than 30% tend to irritate the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract and the pyloric sphincter, causing increased secretion of mucous and delayed gastric emptying. Food Food taken along with alcohol results in a lower, delayed blood alcohol concentration peak (the point of greatest intoxication). There are two major factors involved in this phenomenon. First, because alcohol is absorbed most efficiently in the small intestine, the ingestion of food can slow down the absorption of alcohol into one s system. The pyloric valve at the bottom of the stomach will close in order to hold food in the stomach for digestion and thus keep the alcohol from reaching the small intestine.Show MoreRelatedAlcohol : Alcohol And Alcohol Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagestopic for class is alcohol. Alcohol is defined as â€Å"Chemically, a compound characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl group; in common usage, a beverage made from fermented fruits, vegetables, or grains and containing ethanol.† (From the book pg GL-1) Ethanol is defined as â€Å"A specific alcohol compound (C2H5OH) formed from the fermentation of dietary carbohydrates and used in a variety of alcoholic beverages.† (From the book pg GL-4) Definition of proof is â€Å"A measure of the alcohol content of a liquid;Read MoreAlcohol And Its Effects On Alcohol1403 Words    |  6 PagesAbstract Alcohol has long been a subject of controversy. Long before man understood the indications and contraindications of alcohol there has been laws against this drug. Classifying alcohol as a drug may not be suited for a majority of the population because people like to partake in drinking. Imbibing in alcohol is a tradition in many parts of the country. We use alcohol for celebrations, traditions, socialization and combining food flavors with specific alcohols. Forgetting that too much canRead MoreAlcohol Benefits And Harmfulness : Alcohol995 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol Benefits and Harmfulness According to one of the BBC news, â€Å"A car travelling at high speed driven by a suspected drunk driver has crashed into a crowd of spectators during a university parade in the US state of Oklahoma, killing four people and injuring 44 others, police say.† Drunk driving is that the driver operated a motor vehicle unconsciously on account of excessive ethanol intake and it’s easily to cause an accident. Hence, as a growing number of adults have involved in severely drunkRead MoreAlcohol : Alcohol And Alcohol3289 Words   |  14 PagesEnglish 12 January 28, 2015 Alcohol Issues Alcohol is a drink that has been used differently around the world. Alcohol not only plays a role in religion in the present, it also plays a role in the past. Alcohol has been made with honey and juice for thousands of years. There was a type of alcohol that was made in early China around 7000 B.C. In India, there was alcohol called sura and this was used between 2000 and 3000 B.C. and this beverage was made from condensed rice. Alcohol could also be made fromRead MoreAlcohol At Sporting Events And Alcohol2088 Words   |  9 Pagessporting events and alcohol are intertwined. Social drinking has always been a part of the sporting spectrum, whether at a tailgate party, sports bar, professional stadium or arena, and even at home. Collegiate sporting events are no exception to this popular pastime. However, alcohol is not available at every NCAA sporting event. According to Mitchell (2015), only 25% of FBS colleges allow the sale of alcohol at sporting events. Obviously, the main conc ern for not allowing alcohol at sporting eventsRead MoreAlcohol Abuse And Alcohol Use Disorder Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol Use Disorder, most commonly known as Alcohol Abuse or Alcohol Dependence, is widely known as problem that occurs with individuals who consumes an enormous amount of alcohol on a regular basis often in a single use. The individual is consumed with the thought of drinking most of the time and often feel as though they need it to continue with living their daily lives, even though, they are not really living at all because the enormous amount of alcohol causes a dysfunction for their dailyRead MoreAlcohol : Alcohol And Alcohol3289 Words   |  14 PagesEnglish 12 January 28, 2015 Alcohol Issues Alcohol is a drink that has been used differently around the world. Alcohol not only plays a role in religion in the present, it also plays a role in the past. Alcohol has been made with honey and juice for thousands of years. There was a type of alcohol that was made in early China around 7000 B.C. In India, there was alcohol called sura and this was used between 2000 and 3000 B.C. and this beverage was made from condensed rice. Alcohol could also be made fromRead MoreAlcohol Articles On Alcohol And Alcohol848 Words   |  4 Pages Alcohol articles (CT-1) above alcohol article said about how alcohol made up of and it’s effect. How people become addict with it. Why people using alcohol and how it affects our community. (CT-2) In my opinion I believe the authors of the article were saying that due to the misuse of alcohol teenagers, high school student and college students were dying a lots due to car accident. Author try to said that if reader is alcohol abuse than they should their habitsRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pages Dependance on alcohol has been around ever since its creation and records of writing existed. From Biblical commandments clearly restricting the drink due to its destructive and addictive nature to the celebrities on tv screens and music devices glorifying the substance, alcohol has always been part of various cultures. Being the number one drug problem in the U.S with over 12 million people reportedly being alcoholics and of those 7 million being binge drinkers between the ages 12-20, it comesRead MoreThe Reaction Of The Alcohols1511 Words   |  7 Pages The alcohols 1-propanol and 2-pentanol were converted into alkyl halides through a certain series of steps. The first step was reflux, and the purpose of reflux is to add energy to the solution and not lose any solution to evaporation. This energy helps initiate the acid-catalyzed dehydration reaction and also promotes rearrangement. The next step was distillation, which functioned to separate liquids based on boiling points. The distillation utilizes boiling points to separate the alkyl halide

Guilt and Emtions in The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini

â€Å"Every man is guilty of all the good he did not do.† – Voltaire. Guilt is an emotion that comes from believing that you were responsible for a particular mistake (usually the violation of some moral code) whether or not this guilt is accurate. In the novel The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, the main character Amir portrays guilt as being destructive. Amir’s experience leads to him feeling guilty for the rest of his life. This guilt breaks up the relationships he once had, it also affects the people around him. In the novel The Kite Runner, Khlaed uses Amir to show how violence leads to betrayal, then guilt and at some point destroys relationships between people. This is mostly proved in the novel by the impact of violence on Amir which†¦show more content†¦He starts hating Hassan because of the guilt. In the novel Amir mentioned, â€Å"Every time Hassan was around, I was getting a headache† (Hosseini 93). It was a torture for Amir to see Ha ssan because he would remember what he did and feel bad about it because he knows that what he did was wrong and shouldn’t have sold his friend for a kite tournament to grab his father’s attention. Amir’s success as a loving and caring person is mostly influenced by Rahim Khan, he gives Amir the love that his father never gave him, he also encourage his creativity side, writing novels and short stories, Rahim Khan was always there for Amir when his own father wasn’t â€Å"Amir Jan, I enjoyed you story very much. Mashallah, God has granted you a special talent. It is now your duty to hone that talent, because a person who wastes his God-given talents is a donkey. You have written your story with sound grammar and interesting style. But the most impressive thing about your story is that it has irony. You may not even know what that means†¦My door is and always will be open to you, Amir Jan. I shall hear any story you have to tell. Bravo. Your friend, Rahim† That’s the main reason why Amir is willing to do anything to prove to his father that he his responsible and courageous and not like his father used to say. Ever since Amir has lived with Hassan he has always been jealous of him in every way because Amir’s father always said that Hassan was an ideal kid.

Non-violent social change Free Essays

Chavez, King Jr. and Malcolm X all advocated non-violent struggles for justice and equality. They were all successful in their policy goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Non-violent social change or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through the tactics and strategies that they employed, they were able to achieve their goals. Through their leadership, the marches, boycotts, rallies, fasts and strikes led to their objectives. Non-violent struggles proved to be more effective in making people aware and bringing out desired changes. Their experiences also led them to be the leaders of their organizations. Chavez has seen a lot of inequality towards Mexican-Americans especially the farm workers. King Jr., on the other hand, has also experienced inequality and injustice even when he was young. And when he became the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), he saw a lot of racial discrimination and inequality in rights against the blacks. Malcolm X, too, has experienced being harassed when he was young. In fact, his life before being a Muslim could be said as sorrowful. His father was killed, his mother was taken to a mental institution and he and his siblings were split up to different homes. Discrimination seemed to be the factor which drove these leaders to seek change. Chavez has encountered it when he was in elementary schools. King Jr. has seen discrimination against the blacks. Malcolm X has probably experienced discrimination as he talked about black pride. Due to this, they have become resolved in bringing social change and civil rights. I believe that their advocacy of non-violent social change played a big role in their success as leaders. As to Chavez and King, their mothers taught them that there should be no place for violence or any discrimination in one’s heart. These three leaders were long dead, but their legacy still lives. Malcolm X had influenced both the blacks and the whites. The blacks has regarded him as a man of the people and experienced in the ways of the street. The whites, on the other hand, were influenced by his unwillingness to turn away from hostility. Chavez’s legacy, on the other hand, is his philosophy of service for others, justice, equality and civil rights. And King Jr. has brought the Voting Rights Act and the Civil Rights Act. WORKS CITED McElrath, Jessica. Malcolm X. Online. Available: http://afroamhistory.about.com/cs/malcolmx/a/bio_x_malcolm.htm. 30 September 2007. Siqueiros, Ray. â€Å"Who was Cesar Chavez?† People’s Weekly World. 19 Apr 2003: 11 pars. Online. Available: http://www.pww.org/article/articleview/3309/1/ How to cite Non-violent social change, Essay examples

Fear of the Unknown Lord of the Flies Essay free essay sample

Fear of the Unknown Lord of the Flies By: Sam Baldwin 2012-05-22 Ms. Reis ENG30S Fear is one of the most powerful emotions that control the way any human being acts in certain circumstances. A distressing emotion aroused by impending evil and pain, whether the threat is real or imagined is described as fear. One of many prominent themes in William Goldings novel, the Lord of the Flies, is Fear of the unknown. From the beginning of the novel, the boys fear what they cannot see, the parts of the island they haven’t explored, the mysterious beast, and of course, though they may not realize it at first, they fear the damage they may do to one another. All of these have some â€Å"unknown† element to them; they can’t see in the dark, they don’t know what’s on the island, they’re unsure of what the beast really is, and they’re ignorant of the depths of their own violent capabilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Fear of the Unknown Lord of the Flies Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this novel, the boys become more savage because they fear the unknown; which is the root of the trouble that is caused on the island. The Beast isnt any physical character, Golding uses the beast as a symbol of the evil that exists in all the boys. Before the boys arrived, the island was pure and clean. However, the boys brought evil to it, and with this evil there was destruction. The boys own irrational fears and blind terrors, release the forces of death and the devil on the island. This fearsome beast initially takes form in their imaginations as a snake-type animal that disguises itself as jungle vines; later, they consider the possibility of a creature that rises from the sea or the more vague entity of a ghost. When they spot the dead paratrooper who has landed on the mountain, the boys feel sure that they have proof of a beasts existence. In fact a beast does roam the island, but not in the form the boys imagine. By the second chapter, fear has worked its way into their society. Johnny says that there is a beast, hearing that â€Å"Ralph laughed, and the other boys laughed with him. The small boy twisted further into himself. † (Page 35). No one really believes him, but the littluns. They think the beastie comes in the dark to get them. The littluns fear of the unknown creature that is much greater when they can’t see it. Ralph, Jack, and Piggy try to tell the littluns â€Å"There isn’t a beastie! † (Page 36) multiple times, but the littluns dont believe him. From this moment on, the smallest of the boys begin to have bad dreams and are scared to go near the jungle. In this sense, the jungle represents the darkness, because it is an unknown place, with little light, where there is the possibility of infinite horrors, including death. The jungle, is surrounded by the fear. If the boys were to walk on the beach, they might somehow forget about the beastie, but the moment they come to the jungle entrance, the fear attacks them. It nibbles at their mind, and increases their imagination of what is beyond the darkness. Several examples are in the book, for instance, none of the little boys want to go near the jungle to gather dry wood, so they settle for wet, rotting wood instead. Their fear of the unknown is evident in the quote, â€Å"Daddy said they havent found all the animals in the sea yet† (Page 88). This quote is not only evidence of fear but is also symbolic, â€Å"animals† referring to the beast and â€Å"the sea† referring to the unknown. In fear of the unknown, the boys fuel their own savagery and as a result, the â€Å"beast† within them grows. As the beast grows, so does the boys’ fear of it, a cycle of fear and savagery is now apparent. Jack provides more insight into the beasts identity when he asserts that The beast is a hunter, unwittingly implicating himself as part of the problem, a source of the boys fears. His lust for power and authority causes him to commit and encourage savage acts against his own kind — an accurate measure of his depravity. Sitting in front of his tribe, Power . . . chattered in his ear like an ape. The figurative devil on his shoulder is his own animalism, looking to master other creatures. Through this, it is clear why the boys were unable to destroy the beast, an endless cycle of fear and savagery preventing them from seeing the truth, the beast being the boys themselves. Through all the fear and savagery, one boy saw through it all, and began to speculate as to what the beast really was, this boy being Simon. As the idea of a beast arises, the tribe becomes chaotic. Simon however, a persona of neither savagery nor civilisation, questions the existence of a beast. â€Å"Maybe there is a beast aybe it’s only us† as quoted by Simon, shows that he believes that there is a beast, but not the same beast everyone else has in mind. Instead, Simon, unaffected by the fear, believes that the beast is within each boy. Later on in the book, Simon’s speculations are proven true, as in a vision, he sees the Lord of the Flies who confirms that You knew, didnt you? Im part of you? Close, close, close! Im the reason why its no go? Why things are what they are? (Page 143). Simon also discovers the supposed beast is just a human being. Certain of this, Simon runs towards the tribe in order to tell them the truth. Fearful however, the boys see him as the beast and kill him and their only way of destroying the beast. From this, it is evident that the boys could not destroy the â€Å"beast† as they had killed the only boy who knew the truth. â€Å"Which is better- to be a pack of painted Indians like you are, or to be sensible like ralph is? Which is better – to have rules and agree, or to hunt and kill? Which is better, law and rescue, or hunting and breaking thins up? †(Page 180) Piggy tried to reason for the last time with Jack and the group of savages before they killed him. Simon and Piggy are now dead- murdered by the group of savages. There is no reasoning or logic left, only hope in Ralph as the savages prepare to hunt him down. As night time fell, Ralph made his way back to Castle Rock to find Samneric only to be warned by them that â€Å"Roger sharpened a stick at both ends† (Page 190). Not knowing the meaning and what’s going to come tomorrow Ralph fears the â€Å"unknown† of what lies ahead. â€Å"They were all running, all crying out madly† (Golding, Page 199) as the savages chased Ralph. ‘He forgot his wounds, his hunger and thirst, and became fear: hopeless fear on flying feet, rushing through the forest toward the open beach. (Golding, Page 200) Ralph stood on the beach face to face with a naval officer â€Å"behind him the whole island was shuddering with flame† (Golding, Page 201). The fear acts as a barrier, which unavoidably brings forth their downfall, with the two most intelligent characters on the Island, being Piggy, a representation of science and intellec t in the society , and Simon, the spiritual and understanding sector, both dying as a result, of fear in the beast/ unknown. This fear breaks down any form of society, and hence, brings disaster to a paradoxical Coral Island.

Ethical Issues in Information Technology

Question: Describe the following points... Societal ethical changes caused by information technology The ethical usage of information technology The development of a code of ethics associative with these ethical issues Enforcement issues related to a code of ethics for information technology Interpret how a code of ethics would be established within an academic setting, especially with the advancement of the online educational environment? Answer: Introduction: Information technology is nothing but a term used to make integration among all the forms of technology of making, storing, retrieving, exchanging, modifying and using the information in the various form. It is most suitable term to convey the idea of involving the telephony and computing using these two words. In todays world IT has changed whole scenario of exchanging data with the vast application of newly invented application software and also with the wireless telecommunication system using WWW. Information technology and its effects on societal ethical aspect: As far as the Societal and ethical aspects are concerned, we can see the advancement of present scenario of internet usage along with the telecommunication technology. All these aspect make the involvement of the computing device and the telephony service along with different form of exchanging data across the globe. While societal ethical aspect is concerned, there are some rules, which are imposed on the society for providing a good environment and also to restrict unethical usage of the technological advancement (Azari, 2003). While we are considering the usage of internet and the application software, we make ourselves vulnerable in front of the outer world. There are several malicious software and codes which affects our device for further usage and also steals data for our device. The internet aspect gave birth of the era of hackers. These hackers are involved to hack or to steal the data being hidden in the network they spray spam messages, generate phishing scam and so on. This in turn involved the side of ethical breach on the aspect of information security (Hannabuss, 2008). Information technology and its Ethical usage: While we are considering the Information technology, it comes as a part of our life. From the wireless communication to engagement of mobile computing make our life easy to deal with information and to manage them in an effective way. There is also the usage of protocols, those provides filtering mechanism which prompts the user or guide the user to have proper usage of the internet (Kizza, 2007). As far as the ethical usage are concerned, information technology provides such platform in the form of software application such as antivirus, firewall and the other security measure in order to protect data from the hackers or the intruders. Other than all these security measurement we should some guidelines, such as- 1. A user who is using internet should not accept the files came from the unknown person.2. An internet user should not click on the suspicious links which are known about its source.3. A user, who is using computer or mobile, should not left his/her device open to when he/she is not close to the device. In this case a hacker can steal data from the device or can misuse the data for stealing the identity.4. An internet user should not reveal his personal information to any one over social networking sites (Litzky and Oz, 2008). Developments of code of ethics associated with the above mentioned ethical issues: Code of ethics of a particular field is designed to outline the values and the mission of an organization or of a proposal. Hence it can help the professional or any individual to approach the problems based on the values to maintain. This code of ethic imposes some act and security measurement in order to serve protection on the public interest of using web based application by maintaining the data integrity. For this purpose there are so many acts, rules are imposed along with the usage of the protocol with some imposed security. These protocols provide filtering mechanism which prompts the user or guide the user to have proper usage of the internet (Mather, 2007). Developments of code of ethics maintain the under mentioned criteria in order to meet the ethical principles: Giving protection to the public interest and well maintenance of data the integrity. Ability to demonstrate QOS (quality of service) and competence. Giving proper maintenance to the privacy of the data and proper management of the confidential information. Able to avoid conflict of interest. Maintaining responsibility related to IT profession. Enforcement of issues related to a code of ethics for information technology: If we consider the giving proper maintenance to the privacy of the data and proper management of confidential information, in this case enforcement issues are considered as follows- we can impose some guidelines on maintain code of ethics for an organization or for an individual (Tipton and Krause, 2005): 1. A user who is using internet should not accept the files came from the unknown person.2. An internet user should not click on the suspicious links which are known about its source.3. A user, who is using computer or mobile, should not left his/her device open to when he/she is not close to the device. In this case a hacker can steal data from the device or can misuse the data for stealing the identity (McLean, 2011).4. An internet user should not reveal his personal information to any one over social networking sites.5. A user can use encryption mechanism in order to restrict the unauthorized access from the middle of the channel.6. User can enable parental control of an antivirus application, so that his child can experience safe browsing.7. User can enable firewall application. In this scenario firewall uses protocol where filters are in use. Filters are responsible to prompt user for safe browsing and gives alert whenever a user clicked on malicious code enabled link (Tavani, 2 004). Way to establish a code of ethics to apply within an academic institution: Code of ethics of a particular field is designed to outline the values and the mission of an organization or of a proposal. Hence it can help the professional or any individual to approach the problems based on the values to maintain. Adopted as a statement of ethical guidelines and principles, Code of ethics is shared and believed among the institutional organization and having a great impact on the individual academic staff. The code will be implemented by a working party of the staffs such as staff of the IT department of an intuition. While online studies are concerned, only students within that institution can access the institutional portal for the online studies. Web portal of a particular institution can be accessed only within the campus. Hence only the student can have the access. Online portal should have the secure browsing using SSL connection. So that, the intruders have less chances to occur security breaches (Zelkowitz, 2004). Each student should have a dedicated link to access the student section of the institutional portal. I.e. the institutional link should not be accessible by everyone. Dedicated link to the student form the institutional portal helps to give access of the online library, journal, previous year question, only to the intended students (Wengert, 2001). Conclusion: As far as the Societal and ethical aspects are concerned, we can see the advancement of present scenario of internet usage along with the telecommunication technology. All these aspect make the involvement of the computing device and the telephony service along with different form of exchanging data across the globe. Information technology provides such platform in the form of software application such as antivirus, firewall and the other security measure in order to protect data from the hackers or the intruders. Adopted as a statement of ethical guidelines and principles, Code of ethics is shared and believed among the institutional organization and having a great impact on the individual academic staff, students and among all the department of an institutional organization. References Azari, R. (2003). Current security management ethical issues of information technology. Hershey: IRM Press. Hannabuss, S. (2008). 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