Self Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self Study - Essay Example The significance of self-study can't be subverted as Shakespeare said† to thine own self be true†. There is a diamond of insight behind that line since self-study uncovers the establishments of a person’s character, values just as ecological components that have significantly affected her points of view throughout everyday life. Coming up next is a portion of a meeting of myself done by my partner. Broad communications regularly assumes a critical job in scattering data to society. When gotten some information about my preferred TV shows, books, and characters I answered that I adored staring at the TV shows like â€Å" Sesame Street, Mister Rogers Neighborhood Wonder Woman, Incredible Hulk and the Jefferson’s† as a kid. Obviously, there were numerous healthy shows at that point yet the previously mentioned truly fit my taste. The books I have perused were â€Å"Mice and Men† George Orville, 1984, and Aesop’s tales. I cherished these accounts since they were loaded up with Fairy Tales, ethics, and folklore. Truth be told, my preferred characters were the Tortoise and the Hare. I understood an important exercise from the moderate tortoise: trudging alongside assurance will get me to where I need to be on the off chance that I never surrender. Until today, I remembered that exercise and use it at whatever point circumstances are troublesome, I drive fo rward until the end. Another character I preferred was Elmo. Until today, I am not sure whether Elmo is male or female, yet I do think he is male. The exercises I gained from Elmo were imagination, resistance, positive thinking, and the open door for basic joys. In spite of the fact that the media impacts children’s minds, it can't be denied that parent’s are the essential good examples for a developing kid. As per Santrock (1994) : †The data that encompasses the youngster and which is disguised goes to the kid inside the family field through parent-kid connections, job displaying,

Siddhartha Quotes From His Spiritual Journey

'Siddhartha' Quotes From His Spiritual Journey Siddhartha is a novel by Hermann Hesse, an honor winning Swiss-German writer and author. A Western epic that happens in India, the storyline follows Siddharthas profound excursion during the hour of Buddha. Investigating topics of illumination, the harmony between contrary energies, love, and indirection, the wordy book reflects Hesses own conservative viewpoint and Eastern influence.â Here are a couple of statements from the work on the journey for self-disclosure and nirvana.â Section 1 Was Atman then not inside him? Was not then the source inside his own heart? One must discover the source inside ones own Self, one must have it. Everything else was looking for a temporary re-route, error.When all the Self wasâ conquered andâ deadâ when all interests and wants were quiet, at that point the last should stir, the deepest of Being that is not, at this point Self-the incredible mystery! Section 2 Siddhartha was quiet. He harped long on the words which Govinda had articulated. Truly, he thought, remaining with a bowed head, what stays from all that is heavenly to us? What remains? What is saved? What's more, he shook his head. Section 3 You have denied home and guardians, you have disavowed your own will, you have repudiated companionship. That is the thing that the lessons lecture, that is the desire of the Illustrious One.The instructing which you have heard...is not my assessment, and its objective isn't to disclose the world to the individuals who are eager for information. Its objective is very extraordinary; its objective is salvation from the misery. That is the thing that Gotama instructs, nothing else.I, likewise, might want to look and grin, sit and walk that way, so free, so commendable, so limited, so genuine, so uncorrupt and strange. A man possibly looks and strolls like that when he has vanquished his Self. Section 4 I, who wished to peruse the book of the world and the book of my own tendency, presumed to detest the letters and signs. I called the universe of appearances, figment. I called my eyes and tongue, possibility. Presently it is finished; I have stirred. I have surely stirred and have just been conceived today.That was the last shiver of his enlivening, the last torments of birth. Promptly he proceeded onward again and started to walk rapidly and fretfully, no longer back home, no longer to his dad, no longer lookingâ backward. Section 6 She instructed him that sweethearts ought not separate from one another in the wake of having intercourse without appreciating one another, without being vanquished just as vanquishing, so no sentiment of satiation or devastation emerges nor the awful sentiment of abusing or having been misused.Siddharthas compassion and interest lay uniquely with the individuals, whose work, inconveniences, delights, and imprudences wereâ more unknownâ and remote from him than the moon. Despite the fact that he discovered it so natural to address everybody, to live with everybody, to gain from everybody. Section 7 He rose, said goodbye to the mango tree and the delight garden. As he had not had any food that day he felt amazingly ravenous, and thought of his home around, of his room and bed, of the table with food. He grinned tediously, shook his head and bid farewell to these things. Part 8 The wheel of appearances spins rapidly, Govinda. Where is Siddhartha the Brahmin, where is Siddhartha the Samana, where is Siddhartha the rich man? The passing before long changes, Govinda, you know that.Now, he thought, that every short lived thing have evaded me once more, I stand again underneath the sun, as I once remained as a little youngster. Nothing is mine, I know nothing, I have nothing, I have learned nothing.As a child, I discovered that delights of the world and wealth were bad. I have known it for quite a while, however I have just barely experienced it. Presently I know it not just with myâ intellectâ but with my ears, with my heart, with my stomach. It really is ideal that I know this. Section 9 Nothing was, nothing will be, everything has reality and nearness. Section 10 The facts previously demonstrated that he had never completely lost himself in someone else to such a degree as to overlook himself; he had never experienced the indiscretions of adoration for another person.Siddhartha understood that the longing that had driven him to this spot was silly, that he was unable to support his child, that he ought not compel himself on him. He felt a profound love for the runaway kid, similar to an injury, but then felt while this injury was not expected to rot in him, however that it ought to recuperate. Part 11 Had not his dad endured a similar torment that he was presently languishing over his child? Had not his dad kicked the bucket some time in the past, alone, without having seen his child once more? Didn't he anticipate a similar destiny? Was it not a satire, an abnormal and dumb thing, this redundancy, this course of occasions in a decisive circle?All of them together was the flood of occasions, the music of life.From that hour Siddhartha stopped to battle against his predetermination. There shone in his face the peacefulness of information, of one who is no longer gone up against with strife of wants, who has discovered salvation, who is in amicability with the flood of occasions, with the surge of life, loaded with compassion and sympathy, giving up himself to the stream, having a place with the solidarity of things. Section 12 Looking for implies: to have an objective; yet discovering implies: to be free, to be open, to have no goal.Therefore, I can't help suspecting that everything that exists is acceptable demise just as life, sin just as sacredness, shrewdness just as imprudence. Everything is essential, everything needs just my understanding, my consent, my caring seeing; at that point everything is great with me and nothing can hurt me.He saw every one of these structures and faces in a thousand connections to one another, all helping one another, cherishing, detesting, devastating one another and turn out to be recently conceived. Every single one of them was mortal, an enthusiastic, excruciating case of every one of that was brief. However none of them passed on, they just changed, were consistently renewed, constantly had another face: just time remained between one face and another.

The Plays the Thing

The Plays the Thing In Hamlet, there is the line that goes something like The plays the thing wherein we can get the soul of the ruler. In the event that you do your best, playwriting can be what procures you some additional cash as a specialist. There is a tremendous interest for fitting plays for the center school and secondary school markets. The explanation is straightforward. Many individuals have wound up in a position as I completed quite a long while prior when I was coordinating plays. I just couldnt discover something reasonable for the assets I had, so I composed my own. Afterward, I questioned a distributer if it may acknowledge independent entries. The one I questioned did. Brooklyn Publishers acknowledged one of my plays and requested more.â Since that first play, I have distributed seven plays with this organization. The one thing about playwriting is that on the off chance that you build up a notoriety for being an essayist who can convey what schools need, you can ride that equation to playwriting achievement. What I needed was basic enough: simple comedies, basic sets, and adaptable throws inclining vigorously to progressively female parts. Presently, two times every year I get eminence checks. In the event that you might want to take advantage of this market, I would make three proposals: To begin with, take a gander at distributer sites. Brooklyn Publishers is www.brookpub.com. Look at what they distribute; read the portrayals and request several plays to peruse. Do a quest for paying magazines that pay for plays. I am aware of at any rate two that acknowledge entries: Dramatics and Plays. Second, go to exhibitions. Im talking secondary school and school dramatization exhibitions. Even better, engage in network show. Third, get familiar with a portion of the intricate details of playwriting. There are at any rate two free web based playwriting courses you can keep an eye on. MIT has an open course product playwriting course and dramatist Johnathan Dorf has on online course called Playwriting 101. You can google these and go right to them. http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/music-and-theater-expressions/21m-604-playwriting-1-spring-2005/index.htm playwriting101.com What are you hanging tight for? Drapes Up!â Lets play.

Culture Assessment Essay Example for Free

Culture Assessment Essay A broadly acknowledged meaning of hierarchical culture is it is the common implications, ancient rarities, values, convictions, standards, and presumptions that direct how an association functions and its reality (Cameron Quinn, 2006). Association culture is formed by more than one component; state individuals’ beneficial encounters, foundation, instruction levels thus fourth. Without a doubt, initiative likewise assumes a basic job in characterizing what culture wins in the association and their activities impact how the remainder of the association takes action accordingly. (Robbins et al, 2000) Additionally association culture characterizes the procedures that a firm uses in taking care of things like rivalry, development, asset the board and such. (Goffee Jones, 1996) A great appraisal of the social direction of a firm makes it likelier to advance interorganisational organize and furthermore actualize changes that energize part support and efficiency. The key pointers of authoritative culture incorporate association structure, power and administrative styles, manners by which individuals from the association collaborate and carry out their responsibilities among others. This paper investigates FedEx Corporation and gives a rundown of the kind of association culture at FedEx, its advantages, obstructions just as the proposals of the organization. Organization diagram FedEx Corporation is an enormous organization headquartered in the US that bargains in printing, messenger administrations and coordinations just as load aircraft administrations. This organization has been named one of the main 10 most praiseworthy organizations by Fortune magazine two years straight. Since its establishing in 1971 it has developed from humble beginnings an innovator in air messenger industry. Its brands incorporate the FedEx home conveyance, FedEx brilliant post and FedEx cargo east and west, FedEx administrations among others. Its main rivals are DHL, TNT, UPS, BAX Global and USPS. The organization utilizes more than 250,000 laborers and has an overall gain of around 1. 8 billion dollars in 2006. Culture appraisal The association culture at FedEx mixes different sorts of association culture yet maybe the most prevalent culture is adaptability tact and dynamism. This has been its significant technique of remaining ahead. To help this, FedEx invests heavily in their capacity to adjust to change in order to upgrade viability and seriousness. (Cameron Quinn, 2006, p. 34) This it accomplishes by consolidating advancement, information sharing, high experience and collaboration in its key methodologies to achieving upper hand. A decent representation of FedEx outside center is apparent in the various conveyances of help supplies that FedEx made to typhoon Katrina casualties for nothing in 2005, acquiring it more clients and generosity. Adhocracy direction at FedEx is encouraged at top level administration down to the lesser staff. The CEO of FedEx urges workers to be pioneers and free thinker and set out to face determined challenge. The administration urges representatives to be acutely attentive on recent developments and search for circumstances. The managing theory is that a development fizzled is better than a thousand years lost in hazard loath dealings. Advancement at FedEx is held with high respect and representatives are remunerated abundantly for growing new thoughts. The administration bolsters practical activities from representatives monetarily or something else. This is one motivation behind why FedEx separates itself as an evergreen organization noticeable all around dispatch industry. This culture is underscored when imaginative endeavors that come up short are compensated just as the fruitful developments. The recognizable trademark ‘absolutely, emphatically gets it there overnight’ is made genuine by the way of life imbued in the representatives towards significance of client assistance, effectiveness at work, speed and exact planning. This culture use FedEx for upper hand. Essentially, the FedEx corporate culture underscores desperation, speed and collaboration, surpassing customers’ desires, activity, adaptability and undivided attention (O’Reilly, Tushman Michael, 1997) Beside the adaptable nature at FedEx, it likewise receives an ostensibly and delicate way to deal with the condition that it works. Seriousness cultivates the organization to consistently search for chances to extend and develop. While something contrary to this culture is to encourage mix and solidarity inside the association just as information a few components of this culture are additionally present at FedEx. This is on the grounds that FedEx stresses high aptitudes among representatives. Representatives at FedEx are exceptionally learned people as the organization just picks the most elite. Stirring ones far up the company pecking order necessitates that ones information base additionally increments. What's more, the interior focal point of FedEx hierarchical culture gives a suitable domain that empowers representatives to develop and practice their abilities as found in the different preparing and undertaking assignments appointed to workers. All together for information sharing to be boosted then division of work, work enhancement, group assembling, etc must be led consistently (Murray, Poole Jones, 2005) a few parts of these are available at FedEx. FedEx corporate culture esteems difficult work and rewards such suitably. It additionally dismisses segregations and encourages equivalent open doors for its representatives in zones of advancement, move and enlistment. The hands off group arranged administration style advance dynamic and broadened work culture. Correspondence is a key quality for FedEx association culture and customary studies on employees’ sees at work are taken to screen and alter territories of widespread discontent. Strikingly, the workers at FedEx are profoundly experienced and gifted people. The way of life along these lines depends on leaving workers alone free specialists who direct their employments their own way. The administration guarantees that representatives are proactive and step up to the plate and gain from missteps of others. The workers are not censured or punished for slip-ups rather the executives accepts the goof as a chance to show the rest. The vast majority of the undertakings done at FedEx are relegated to groups which are given adequate force and position to satisfy their obligations and be responsible for the outcomes. Apparently this is the purpose for the incredible accomplishment of FedEx. The advantage of the way of life present at FedEx is that the organization is keeps up its seriousness in the midst of extraordinary rivalry from the contenders. Furthermore, it manages less clashes, less staff turnover and appreciates increment in employees’ work fulfillment, better less protection from change, higher efficiency and better client care, etc. The blocks of this sort of association culture are that it requires significant interest in time and cash. The administration should show restraint toward representative errors which are most occasions expensive. Moreover it is hard to screen this training in the FedEx Company in view of the enormous workforce and the bustling timetables that the representatives have. End The hierarchical culture at FedEx has the two advantages and impeding perspectives albeit many are the advantages. In the serious confronted paced industry that FedEx works their way of life appear to be generally fitting. Maybe the main thing that I would improve is the hierarchal structure and the correspondence channels with the expectation of complimentary progression of data and quicker dynamic all through the association.

Education reality Essay Example for Free

Training reality Essay Dealism Idealism is the otherworldly and epistemological principle that thoughts or musings make up key reality. Essen? partner, it is any way of thinking which contends that the main thing really understandable is awareness (or the substance of cognizance), though we never can be certain that mama? er or anything in the outside world truly exists. Along these lines, the main genuine articles are mental en es, not physical things (which exist just as in they are seen) Progressivism Progressivist accepts that independence, progress, and change are key to ones educa? on. Accepting that individuals gain best from what they consider generally pertinent to their lives, progressivist fixates their educational plans on the necessities, encounters, interests, and abili? es of understudies. Progressivist instructors take a stab at making school interes? ng and valuable by arranging exercises that incite interest. In a progressivist school, understudies are air conditioning? vely learning. The understudies connect with each other and create social quali? es, for example, coopera? on and resistance for dierent perspectives. Essen? alism It is an educa? onal reasoning whose followers accept that kids ought to learn theâ tradi? onal fundamental subjects altogether and thoroughly. In this philosophical way of thinking, the point is to ins? ll understudies with the essen? als of scholastic information, enac? ng a simple methodology. Essen? alism guarantees that the gathered shrewdness of our civiliza? on as instructed in the tradi? onal scholastic orders is given from instructor to understudy. Such teaches may incorporate Reading, Wri? ng, Literature, Foreign Languages, History, Mathema? cs, Science, Art, and Music. Additionally, this tradi? onal approach is intended to prepare the brain, advance thinking, andâ ensure a typical culture. Authenticity Realism, at its least difficult and generally broad, is the view that en es of a specific kind have an objec? ve reality, a reality that is totally ontologically autonomous of our applied plans, linguis? c prac? ces, convictions, and so on. Along these lines, en es (counting dynamic ideas and universals just as progressively solid articles) have a presence free of the demonstration of percep? on, and free of their names. Reconstruc? onism Social Reconstruc? onism is a way of thinking that underlines the tending to of social ques? ons andâ a mission to make a be? er society and overall majority rule government. Reconstruc? onist instructors center around an educational program that features social change as the point of educa? on. Existen? alism It depends on the view that people de3ne their own significance throughout everyday life, and attempt to make ra? onal choices in spite of exis? ng in an irra? onal universe. It centers around the ques? on of human presence, and the inclination that there is no reason or explana? on at the center of presence. It holds that, as there is no God or some other otherworldly power, the best way to counter thisâ nothingness (and thus to 3nd significance throughout everyday life) is by grasping presence. Pragma? sm Pragma? sm is a rejec? on of the possibility that the func? on of thought is to portray, speak to, or reflect reality. Rather, pragma? sts believe thought to be a result of the interac? on among living being and condition. In this manner, the func? on of thought is as an instrument or device for predic? on, air conditioning? on, and critical thinking. Pragma? sts battle that most philosophical topicsâ€, for example, the nature of information, language, ideas, which means, conviction, and scienceâ€are all best saw as far as their prac?â cal uses and victories instead of as far as representa? ve precision Perennialism Believe that one should show the things that one considers to be of everlas? ng per? nence to all individuals all over. They accept that the most significant points build up an individual. Since subtleties of truth change continually, these can't be the most significant. In this way, one should show standards, not realities. Since individuals are human, one should show 3rst people, not machines or strategies. Since individuals are individuals 3rst, and laborers second if by any stretch of the imagination, one should show liberal themes 3rst, not voca? onal points.

Review My LinkedIn e-book on Amazon.com - And Win!

Review My LinkedIn e-book on Amazon.com - And Win! My e-book, LinkedIn Power Tune-Up, has been very popular for a long time in its current pdf format. It has now been renamed and repackaged as How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile   and 18 Common Mistakes to Avoid now available in Kindle format from Amazon.com! I would be thrilled if you would purchase the book and encourage your friends to do so as well! And I have an even more pressing request. Many of you have already read my book. I would be most appreciative if you would take five minutes to write a review and post it on Amazon. Post a Review Here. As a special incentive, when you send me a link to your review, your name will be entered into a bi-annual drawing for a $50 Amazon gift card! You will also be entered into my monthly drawing to win Mary Elizabeth Bradfords Job Search Success System (winner of a 2011 CDI Career Innovator Award and a $97 value check it out here). My publishers tell me that good reviews are the key to success when it comes to selling e-books on Amazon. So Im hoping you will jump in and add your voice to the community of people who have found value in what I offer. I want as many people as possible to have access to the essential information in How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile so that they, like you, can find success in their LinkedIn networking efforts. If you havent read my book yet, please consider purchasing it on Amazon   or just sign up for my e-list to get the pdf preview for FREE! Questions or comments on my book? Please post in the comments! And thanks in advance for spreading the word about the value of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile.

Does Your School�s Accreditation Mean Anything

The ACICS (Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools) is under fire by the U.S. Department of Education. ACICS is one of the country's oldest and largest college accreditors, having been founded back in 1912, it accredits over 800 institutions throughout the U.S. and a dozen foreign countries. It is extraordinarily rare that the DoE stop recognizing an accreditor, so much so that theyï ¿ ½ve put up a blog post dedicated to explaining its impact. The recommendation is the result of a laundry list of concerns stemming from the continued accreditation by ACICS of Corinthian Colleges. Corinthian is now defunct but had been a for-profit school. Many for-profits have faced increased scrutiny and investigation by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau for questionable private loan practices. RELATED: 4 things to watch out for when applying to a top school The importance of accreditation School accreditation is, at a fundamental level, supposed to be an assurance that the institution is reputable; that it is challenging its students and looking out for their best interests. Colleges that are accredited are more likely to accept credits transferred between accredited schools, and offer degrees recognized by employers. Higher education institutions need to be accredited in order for attending students to use federal aid and tax-preferred savings vehicle withdrawals towards their expenses. This includes 529 savings plans and Coverdell ESAs. Losing accreditation, therefore, makes it much, much more difficult to recruit students because not only is the schoolï ¿ ½s reputation in question, but there will be financing challenges, too. RELATED: Find out if your school is 529 plan eligible Why cracking down is a good thing For-profit higher education institutions like Corinthians have been under increasing scrutiny in the past several years due to shady loan practices and, frankly, the fact that theyï ¿ ½re making a profit when college costs are already so high. If an accreditor is not doing its due diligence in evaluating higher education institutions, it should lose its recognized status with the DoE. Doing so means that the DoE is doing its job in protecting both taxpayers, who are funding education at accredited institutions, and the students themselves from inadvertently enrolling in a potentially predatory institution. The question now becomes, ï ¿ ½How many more schools are out there and accredited that shouldnï ¿ ½t be?ï ¿ ½ You can find out if your school or a school you are considering is accredited by ACICS here. RELATED: The real cost of higher education The ACICS (Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools) is under fire by the U.S. Department of Education. ACICS is one of the country's oldest and largest college accreditors, having been founded back in 1912, it accredits over 800 institutions throughout the U.S. and a dozen foreign countries. It is extraordinarily rare that the DoE stop recognizing an accreditor, so much so that theyï ¿ ½ve put up a blog post dedicated to explaining its impact. The recommendation is the result of a laundry list of concerns stemming from the continued accreditation by ACICS of Corinthian Colleges. Corinthian is now defunct but had been a for-profit school. Many for-profits have faced increased scrutiny and investigation by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau for questionable private loan practices. RELATED: 4 things to watch out for when applying to a top school The importance of accreditation School accreditation is, at a fundamental level, supposed to be an assurance that the institution is reputable; that it is challenging its students and looking out for their best interests. Colleges that are accredited are more likely to accept credits transferred between accredited schools, and offer degrees recognized by employers. Higher education institutions need to be accredited in order for attending students to use federal aid and tax-preferred savings vehicle withdrawals towards their expenses. This includes 529 savings plans and Coverdell ESAs. Losing accreditation, therefore, makes it much, much more difficult to recruit students because not only is the schoolï ¿ ½s reputation in question, but there will be financing challenges, too. RELATED: Find out if your school is 529 plan eligible Why cracking down is a good thing For-profit higher education institutions like Corinthians have been under increasing scrutiny in the past several years due to shady loan practices and, frankly, the fact that theyï ¿ ½re making a profit when college costs are already so high. If an accreditor is not doing its due diligence in evaluating higher education institutions, it should lose its recognized status with the DoE. Doing so means that the DoE is doing its job in protecting both taxpayers, who are funding education at accredited institutions, and the students themselves from inadvertently enrolling in a potentially predatory institution. The question now becomes, ï ¿ ½How many more schools are out there and accredited that shouldnï ¿ ½t be?ï ¿ ½ You can find out if your school or a school you are considering is accredited by ACICS here. RELATED: The real cost of higher education

The Redstockings Womens Liberation Group

The radical feminist group Redstockings was founded in New York in 1969. The name Redstockings was a play on the word bluestocking, adapted to include red, a color long associated with revolution and uprising. Bluestocking was an old term for a woman who had intellectual or literary interests, instead of the supposedly acceptable feminine interests. The word bluestocking had been applied with a negative connotation to 18th and 19th-century feminist women. Who Were the Redstockings? Redstockings formed when the 1960s group New York Radical Women (NYRW) dissolved. NYRW split up after disagreements about political action, feminist theory, and leadership structure. NYRW members began meeting in separate smaller groups, with some women choosing to follow the leader whose philosophy matched theirs. Redstockings was started by Shulamith Firestone and Ellen Willis. Other members included prominent feminist thinkers Corrine Grad Coleman, Carol Hanisch, and Kathie (Amatniek) Sarachild. Redstockings Manifesto and Beliefs The members of Redstockings firmly believed that women were oppressed as a class. They also asserted that the existing male-dominated society was inherently flawed, destructive, and oppressive. Redstockings wanted the feminist movement to reject the flaws in liberal activism and protest movements. Members said that the existing left perpetuated a society with men in positions power and women stuck in support positions or making coffee. The Redstockings Manifesto called for women to unite to achieve liberation from men as the agents of oppression. The Manifesto also insisted that women not be blamed for their own oppression. Redstockings rejected economic, racial, and class privileges and demanded an end to the exploitative structure of male-dominated society. The Work of Redstockings Redstockings members spread feminist ideas such as consciousness-raising and the slogan sisterhood is powerful. Early group protests included a 1969 abortion speak-out in New York. Redstockings members were appalled by a legislative hearing on abortion at which there were at least a dozen male speakers, and the only woman who spoke was a nun. To protest, they held their own hearing, where women testified about personal experiences with abortion. Redstockings Published a book called Feminist Revolution in 1975. It contained history and analysis of the feminist movement, with writings about what had been achieved and what the next steps would be. Redstockings now exists as a grassroots think tank working on Womens Liberation issues. Veteran members of Redstockings established an archive project in 1989 to collect and make available texts and other materials from the Womens Liberation movement.

Sanitation And Child s Health - 879 Words

Furthermore, there is strong association between sanitation and child’s health as Sanitation is the other important factor for health lifestyle. People in Ethiopia do not even have the accessibility to safe drinking water (Mazur, 2017). Insanitation is the major cause for acute diarrheal diseases in children and hence malnutrition. Educated mother will tend to maintain more hygiene surroundings than illiterate ones. It was found that chances of acute malnutrition are 14 folds higher in children whose mother does not frequently wash their hands than those who wash more frequently (Mazur, 2017). There are no facilities available to educate pregnant women regarding the health of their child and nutrition. Not attending antenatal care also†¦show more content†¦Female teachers can voluntarily participate to organize campaigns to teach women regarding the nutritional requirements of their body during pregnancy and that of their child. They should also be made aware about th e importance of breastfeeding their child. Leaders can make policies in which education till secondary level should be made mandatory for all. Parental illiteracy can be dealt in this way, which will help to reduce poverty and will improve child’s health. Education is the key for every solution. It will also contribute to reduce unemployment rate in Ethiopia and thus poverty and ultimately malnutrition. NGOs can also invest in campaigns and can help school authorities to provide education. They can also provide free lunch boxes to children at schools. Poverty also needs to be addressed first if we want to remove malnutrition and hunger in Ethiopia. Executive directors of World Bank, other national and international organizations should try to financially support the country to improve quality and quantity of its agriculture. Private sector representatives can also provide help in this by raising funds from donations (Gillespie, Haddad, Mannar, Menon, Nisbett, 2013). In addition, medical sector can also considerably help to combat this problem. Medical health officers should provide health service package to treat malnutrition related illness. Health care professionals should be encouraged to volunteer serveShow MoreRelatedA Health Profile Of The Country Of Malawi Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to create a health profile of the country of Malawi identifying the state of the overall health of the country based on specific health issues. Malawi has a population of 15,263,000. The average lifespan for males is 44 years and the average lifespan for females is 51 years. The leading causes of death in Malawi are HIV/AIDS, Lower Respiratory Infections, Malaria, Diarrheal Disease, and Perinatal Conditions. 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Bull World Health Organ 88(11); pp. 844-51////////////////////////////////// Resnkoff, S., Pascolini, D., Etya’ale, D., Kocur, I., Pararajasegaram, R and Pokharel, G.P (2004) Ritchie, J and Lewis, J (2003) Qualitative Research Practice a guide to Social Science Students and Researchers. London: Sage Publications./////////////////////////////////////////////// Robinson, A. (2002) VIP Latrines in Zimbabwe from Local Innovation to Global Solution FieldRead MoreBreastfeeding Is The Way Of Feeding A Baby From The Lactation Directly From A Mother s Breast1467 Words   |  6 Pagesway of feeding, through studies, is said to be the most appropriate and beneficial way to provide nourishment for most infants. This method is not only beneficial for financial and health rationale, but it is also beneficial to the mind and development of the child. Moms who are in favor of the benefits of their child, will breast feed, and these favoring moms on the go will breastfeed in public. Though many are in favor of breastfeeding, there is also a large group of people who believes breastingRead More Water, environment and sanitation Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pages Water, environment and sanitation Issue The combination of safe drinking water and hygienic sanitation facilities is a precondition for health and for success in the fight against poverty, hunger, child deaths and gender inequality. UNICEF works in more than 90 countries around the world to improve water supplies and sanitation facilities in schools and communities, and to promote safe hygiene practices. All UNICEF water and sanitation programmes are designed to contribute to the Millennium DevelopmentRead MoreThe Food Intake Is A Major Determinant Of Nutritional Status Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesreligion, education and occupation of the parents, also influence child health. Each component of SES displays varied relationships to various health outcomes and provides different resources. There is also a sequential dimension to their relationship, i.e. if an education level is achieved, it enables an occupation level to be achieved that returns a level of income. However, despite economic growth, India is far behind the world s poorest nations in human development. Moreover, the development seemsRead MoreLocal Water Management1148 Words   |  5 PagesHumphrey, J (2009).Child under nutrition, tropical enteropathy, toilets and hand washing. The Lancet, 374 (9694), pp 1032-1035 Iyer, R (2002) â€Å"Water- Related Conflicts: Factors, Aspects, Issues† in Mekenkamp, M., van Tongeren, P and van de Veen, H, Searching for Peace in Central and South Asia. Boulder, CO: Lynner Rienner Publishers, pp.136-163. Janakarajan, S (2002) Conflicts over the Invisible Resources: Is there a Way Out? In Moench, M., Caspari, E and Ajay, D (eds) Rethinking the Mosaic: InvestigationsRead MoreMalnutrition Between Children And Developing Countries979 Words   |  4 Pageson timely manner. In 2007, 148 million children under age five in the developing world were underweight for their age Two thirds of these children live in Asia, and just over one quarter live in Africa (â€Å"148 Million†). Malnutrition, a common public health problem among children in developing countries, is caused by the lack of a balanced diet, proper hygiene, and awareness. Firstly, balanced diet plays crucial role in human growth and development. Not eating proper food or eating the food that do notRead MoreInformation About The World Vision1478 Words   |  6 Pagesand communities to overcome poverty and injustice. We will be focusing on health care. Brief History of World Vision - World Vision started with a man trying to help children in a country with just $5. World Vision was created by Bob Pierce, he created a child sponsorship program which began in 1953, caring directly for children in orphanages. In the 1960’s the work expanded rapidly in more countries globally. In the 2000’s the Hope Initiative is launched to care for hundreds of thousands of childrenRead MoreHealth Problem : Personal Hygiene And Spreading Germs1053 Words   |  5 PagesA rationale for â€Å"Getting Everyone Ready for Maximum Sanitation (G.E.R.M.S)† Target Population: Preschool and Pre-Kindergarten children (Ages 4 and 5) Health Problem: Personal hygiene and spreading germs Program Setting: Local preschool Program Planners: Terri Finkley, Katie Ford, Natalie Tilson, and Katelyn Kanode Program Administrator: Dr. Jane Petrillo Program Dates: TBA The key to health is literally in one’s hands, that is, clean hands. According to the Centers for Disease Control

Alcohol - 3150 Words

0.35 - 0.50 Coma Complete unconsciousness Depressed or abolished reflexes Subnormal body temperature Incontinence Impairment of circulation and respiration Possible death 0.45 + Death Death from respiratory arrest ________________________________________ Absorption Alcohol is absorbed from all parts of the gastrointestinal tract largely by simple diffusion into the blood. However the small intestine is by far the most efficient region of the gastrointestinal tract for alcohol absorption because of its very large surface area. In a fasting individual, it is generally agreed that 10% to 20% of a dose of alcohol is absorbed from the stomach (the volume of alcohol affects the absorption) and 75% to 80% is absorbed from the small†¦show more content†¦Alcohol Content It s not how many drinks that you have, but how much alcohol that you consume. The concentration of the drinks that one ingest can have a slight effect on the peak alcohol concentration due to the differences in absorption rate of different concentrations of alcohol. Alcohol is most rapidly absorbed when the concentration of the drink is between 10% and 30%. Below 10% the concentration gradient in the gastrointestinal tract is low and slows absorption and the added volumes of liquid involved slow gastric emptying. On the other hand concentrations higher than 30% tend to irritate the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract and the pyloric sphincter, causing increased secretion of mucous and delayed gastric emptying. Food Food taken along with alcohol results in a lower, delayed blood alcohol concentration peak (the point of greatest intoxication). There are two major factors involved in this phenomenon. First, because alcohol is absorbed most efficiently in the small intestine, the ingestion of food can slow down the absorption of alcohol into one s system. The pyloric valve at the bottom of the stomach will close in order to hold food in the stomach for digestion and thus keep the alcohol from reaching the small intestine.Show MoreRelatedAlcohol : Alcohol And Alcohol Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagestopic for class is alcohol. Alcohol is defined as â€Å"Chemically, a compound characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl group; in common usage, a beverage made from fermented fruits, vegetables, or grains and containing ethanol.† (From the book pg GL-1) Ethanol is defined as â€Å"A specific alcohol compound (C2H5OH) formed from the fermentation of dietary carbohydrates and used in a variety of alcoholic beverages.† (From the book pg GL-4) Definition of proof is â€Å"A measure of the alcohol content of a liquid;Read MoreAlcohol And Its Effects On Alcohol1403 Words    |  6 PagesAbstract Alcohol has long been a subject of controversy. Long before man understood the indications and contraindications of alcohol there has been laws against this drug. Classifying alcohol as a drug may not be suited for a majority of the population because people like to partake in drinking. Imbibing in alcohol is a tradition in many parts of the country. We use alcohol for celebrations, traditions, socialization and combining food flavors with specific alcohols. Forgetting that too much canRead MoreAlcohol Benefits And Harmfulness : Alcohol995 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol Benefits and Harmfulness According to one of the BBC news, â€Å"A car travelling at high speed driven by a suspected drunk driver has crashed into a crowd of spectators during a university parade in the US state of Oklahoma, killing four people and injuring 44 others, police say.† Drunk driving is that the driver operated a motor vehicle unconsciously on account of excessive ethanol intake and it’s easily to cause an accident. Hence, as a growing number of adults have involved in severely drunkRead MoreAlcohol : Alcohol And Alcohol3289 Words   |  14 PagesEnglish 12 January 28, 2015 Alcohol Issues Alcohol is a drink that has been used differently around the world. Alcohol not only plays a role in religion in the present, it also plays a role in the past. Alcohol has been made with honey and juice for thousands of years. There was a type of alcohol that was made in early China around 7000 B.C. In India, there was alcohol called sura and this was used between 2000 and 3000 B.C. and this beverage was made from condensed rice. Alcohol could also be made fromRead MoreAlcohol At Sporting Events And Alcohol2088 Words   |  9 Pagessporting events and alcohol are intertwined. Social drinking has always been a part of the sporting spectrum, whether at a tailgate party, sports bar, professional stadium or arena, and even at home. Collegiate sporting events are no exception to this popular pastime. However, alcohol is not available at every NCAA sporting event. According to Mitchell (2015), only 25% of FBS colleges allow the sale of alcohol at sporting events. Obviously, the main conc ern for not allowing alcohol at sporting eventsRead MoreAlcohol Abuse And Alcohol Use Disorder Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol Use Disorder, most commonly known as Alcohol Abuse or Alcohol Dependence, is widely known as problem that occurs with individuals who consumes an enormous amount of alcohol on a regular basis often in a single use. The individual is consumed with the thought of drinking most of the time and often feel as though they need it to continue with living their daily lives, even though, they are not really living at all because the enormous amount of alcohol causes a dysfunction for their dailyRead MoreAlcohol : Alcohol And Alcohol3289 Words   |  14 PagesEnglish 12 January 28, 2015 Alcohol Issues Alcohol is a drink that has been used differently around the world. Alcohol not only plays a role in religion in the present, it also plays a role in the past. Alcohol has been made with honey and juice for thousands of years. There was a type of alcohol that was made in early China around 7000 B.C. In India, there was alcohol called sura and this was used between 2000 and 3000 B.C. and this beverage was made from condensed rice. Alcohol could also be made fromRead MoreAlcohol Articles On Alcohol And Alcohol848 Words   |  4 Pages Alcohol articles (CT-1) above alcohol article said about how alcohol made up of and it’s effect. How people become addict with it. Why people using alcohol and how it affects our community. (CT-2) In my opinion I believe the authors of the article were saying that due to the misuse of alcohol teenagers, high school student and college students were dying a lots due to car accident. Author try to said that if reader is alcohol abuse than they should their habitsRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pages Dependance on alcohol has been around ever since its creation and records of writing existed. From Biblical commandments clearly restricting the drink due to its destructive and addictive nature to the celebrities on tv screens and music devices glorifying the substance, alcohol has always been part of various cultures. Being the number one drug problem in the U.S with over 12 million people reportedly being alcoholics and of those 7 million being binge drinkers between the ages 12-20, it comesRead MoreThe Reaction Of The Alcohols1511 Words   |  7 Pages The alcohols 1-propanol and 2-pentanol were converted into alkyl halides through a certain series of steps. The first step was reflux, and the purpose of reflux is to add energy to the solution and not lose any solution to evaporation. This energy helps initiate the acid-catalyzed dehydration reaction and also promotes rearrangement. The next step was distillation, which functioned to separate liquids based on boiling points. The distillation utilizes boiling points to separate the alkyl halide

Guilt and Emtions in The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini

â€Å"Every man is guilty of all the good he did not do.† – Voltaire. Guilt is an emotion that comes from believing that you were responsible for a particular mistake (usually the violation of some moral code) whether or not this guilt is accurate. In the novel The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, the main character Amir portrays guilt as being destructive. Amir’s experience leads to him feeling guilty for the rest of his life. This guilt breaks up the relationships he once had, it also affects the people around him. In the novel The Kite Runner, Khlaed uses Amir to show how violence leads to betrayal, then guilt and at some point destroys relationships between people. This is mostly proved in the novel by the impact of violence on Amir which†¦show more content†¦He starts hating Hassan because of the guilt. In the novel Amir mentioned, â€Å"Every time Hassan was around, I was getting a headache† (Hosseini 93). It was a torture for Amir to see Ha ssan because he would remember what he did and feel bad about it because he knows that what he did was wrong and shouldn’t have sold his friend for a kite tournament to grab his father’s attention. Amir’s success as a loving and caring person is mostly influenced by Rahim Khan, he gives Amir the love that his father never gave him, he also encourage his creativity side, writing novels and short stories, Rahim Khan was always there for Amir when his own father wasn’t â€Å"Amir Jan, I enjoyed you story very much. Mashallah, God has granted you a special talent. It is now your duty to hone that talent, because a person who wastes his God-given talents is a donkey. You have written your story with sound grammar and interesting style. But the most impressive thing about your story is that it has irony. You may not even know what that means†¦My door is and always will be open to you, Amir Jan. I shall hear any story you have to tell. Bravo. Your friend, Rahim† That’s the main reason why Amir is willing to do anything to prove to his father that he his responsible and courageous and not like his father used to say. Ever since Amir has lived with Hassan he has always been jealous of him in every way because Amir’s father always said that Hassan was an ideal kid.

Non-violent social change Free Essays

Chavez, King Jr. and Malcolm X all advocated non-violent struggles for justice and equality. They were all successful in their policy goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Non-violent social change or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through the tactics and strategies that they employed, they were able to achieve their goals. Through their leadership, the marches, boycotts, rallies, fasts and strikes led to their objectives. Non-violent struggles proved to be more effective in making people aware and bringing out desired changes. Their experiences also led them to be the leaders of their organizations. Chavez has seen a lot of inequality towards Mexican-Americans especially the farm workers. King Jr., on the other hand, has also experienced inequality and injustice even when he was young. And when he became the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), he saw a lot of racial discrimination and inequality in rights against the blacks. Malcolm X, too, has experienced being harassed when he was young. In fact, his life before being a Muslim could be said as sorrowful. His father was killed, his mother was taken to a mental institution and he and his siblings were split up to different homes. Discrimination seemed to be the factor which drove these leaders to seek change. Chavez has encountered it when he was in elementary schools. King Jr. has seen discrimination against the blacks. Malcolm X has probably experienced discrimination as he talked about black pride. Due to this, they have become resolved in bringing social change and civil rights. I believe that their advocacy of non-violent social change played a big role in their success as leaders. As to Chavez and King, their mothers taught them that there should be no place for violence or any discrimination in one’s heart. These three leaders were long dead, but their legacy still lives. Malcolm X had influenced both the blacks and the whites. The blacks has regarded him as a man of the people and experienced in the ways of the street. The whites, on the other hand, were influenced by his unwillingness to turn away from hostility. Chavez’s legacy, on the other hand, is his philosophy of service for others, justice, equality and civil rights. And King Jr. has brought the Voting Rights Act and the Civil Rights Act. WORKS CITED McElrath, Jessica. Malcolm X. Online. Available: http://afroamhistory.about.com/cs/malcolmx/a/bio_x_malcolm.htm. 30 September 2007. Siqueiros, Ray. â€Å"Who was Cesar Chavez?† People’s Weekly World. 19 Apr 2003: 11 pars. Online. Available: http://www.pww.org/article/articleview/3309/1/ How to cite Non-violent social change, Essay examples

Fear of the Unknown Lord of the Flies Essay free essay sample

Fear of the Unknown Lord of the Flies By: Sam Baldwin 2012-05-22 Ms. Reis ENG30S Fear is one of the most powerful emotions that control the way any human being acts in certain circumstances. A distressing emotion aroused by impending evil and pain, whether the threat is real or imagined is described as fear. One of many prominent themes in William Goldings novel, the Lord of the Flies, is Fear of the unknown. From the beginning of the novel, the boys fear what they cannot see, the parts of the island they haven’t explored, the mysterious beast, and of course, though they may not realize it at first, they fear the damage they may do to one another. All of these have some â€Å"unknown† element to them; they can’t see in the dark, they don’t know what’s on the island, they’re unsure of what the beast really is, and they’re ignorant of the depths of their own violent capabilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Fear of the Unknown Lord of the Flies Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this novel, the boys become more savage because they fear the unknown; which is the root of the trouble that is caused on the island. The Beast isnt any physical character, Golding uses the beast as a symbol of the evil that exists in all the boys. Before the boys arrived, the island was pure and clean. However, the boys brought evil to it, and with this evil there was destruction. The boys own irrational fears and blind terrors, release the forces of death and the devil on the island. This fearsome beast initially takes form in their imaginations as a snake-type animal that disguises itself as jungle vines; later, they consider the possibility of a creature that rises from the sea or the more vague entity of a ghost. When they spot the dead paratrooper who has landed on the mountain, the boys feel sure that they have proof of a beasts existence. In fact a beast does roam the island, but not in the form the boys imagine. By the second chapter, fear has worked its way into their society. Johnny says that there is a beast, hearing that â€Å"Ralph laughed, and the other boys laughed with him. The small boy twisted further into himself. † (Page 35). No one really believes him, but the littluns. They think the beastie comes in the dark to get them. The littluns fear of the unknown creature that is much greater when they can’t see it. Ralph, Jack, and Piggy try to tell the littluns â€Å"There isn’t a beastie! † (Page 36) multiple times, but the littluns dont believe him. From this moment on, the smallest of the boys begin to have bad dreams and are scared to go near the jungle. In this sense, the jungle represents the darkness, because it is an unknown place, with little light, where there is the possibility of infinite horrors, including death. The jungle, is surrounded by the fear. If the boys were to walk on the beach, they might somehow forget about the beastie, but the moment they come to the jungle entrance, the fear attacks them. It nibbles at their mind, and increases their imagination of what is beyond the darkness. Several examples are in the book, for instance, none of the little boys want to go near the jungle to gather dry wood, so they settle for wet, rotting wood instead. Their fear of the unknown is evident in the quote, â€Å"Daddy said they havent found all the animals in the sea yet† (Page 88). This quote is not only evidence of fear but is also symbolic, â€Å"animals† referring to the beast and â€Å"the sea† referring to the unknown. In fear of the unknown, the boys fuel their own savagery and as a result, the â€Å"beast† within them grows. As the beast grows, so does the boys’ fear of it, a cycle of fear and savagery is now apparent. Jack provides more insight into the beasts identity when he asserts that The beast is a hunter, unwittingly implicating himself as part of the problem, a source of the boys fears. His lust for power and authority causes him to commit and encourage savage acts against his own kind — an accurate measure of his depravity. Sitting in front of his tribe, Power . . . chattered in his ear like an ape. The figurative devil on his shoulder is his own animalism, looking to master other creatures. Through this, it is clear why the boys were unable to destroy the beast, an endless cycle of fear and savagery preventing them from seeing the truth, the beast being the boys themselves. Through all the fear and savagery, one boy saw through it all, and began to speculate as to what the beast really was, this boy being Simon. As the idea of a beast arises, the tribe becomes chaotic. Simon however, a persona of neither savagery nor civilisation, questions the existence of a beast. â€Å"Maybe there is a beast aybe it’s only us† as quoted by Simon, shows that he believes that there is a beast, but not the same beast everyone else has in mind. Instead, Simon, unaffected by the fear, believes that the beast is within each boy. Later on in the book, Simon’s speculations are proven true, as in a vision, he sees the Lord of the Flies who confirms that You knew, didnt you? Im part of you? Close, close, close! Im the reason why its no go? Why things are what they are? (Page 143). Simon also discovers the supposed beast is just a human being. Certain of this, Simon runs towards the tribe in order to tell them the truth. Fearful however, the boys see him as the beast and kill him and their only way of destroying the beast. From this, it is evident that the boys could not destroy the â€Å"beast† as they had killed the only boy who knew the truth. â€Å"Which is better- to be a pack of painted Indians like you are, or to be sensible like ralph is? Which is better – to have rules and agree, or to hunt and kill? Which is better, law and rescue, or hunting and breaking thins up? †(Page 180) Piggy tried to reason for the last time with Jack and the group of savages before they killed him. Simon and Piggy are now dead- murdered by the group of savages. There is no reasoning or logic left, only hope in Ralph as the savages prepare to hunt him down. As night time fell, Ralph made his way back to Castle Rock to find Samneric only to be warned by them that â€Å"Roger sharpened a stick at both ends† (Page 190). Not knowing the meaning and what’s going to come tomorrow Ralph fears the â€Å"unknown† of what lies ahead. â€Å"They were all running, all crying out madly† (Golding, Page 199) as the savages chased Ralph. ‘He forgot his wounds, his hunger and thirst, and became fear: hopeless fear on flying feet, rushing through the forest toward the open beach. (Golding, Page 200) Ralph stood on the beach face to face with a naval officer â€Å"behind him the whole island was shuddering with flame† (Golding, Page 201). The fear acts as a barrier, which unavoidably brings forth their downfall, with the two most intelligent characters on the Island, being Piggy, a representation of science and intellec t in the society , and Simon, the spiritual and understanding sector, both dying as a result, of fear in the beast/ unknown. This fear breaks down any form of society, and hence, brings disaster to a paradoxical Coral Island.

Ethical Issues in Information Technology

Question: Describe the following points... Societal ethical changes caused by information technology The ethical usage of information technology The development of a code of ethics associative with these ethical issues Enforcement issues related to a code of ethics for information technology Interpret how a code of ethics would be established within an academic setting, especially with the advancement of the online educational environment? Answer: Introduction: Information technology is nothing but a term used to make integration among all the forms of technology of making, storing, retrieving, exchanging, modifying and using the information in the various form. It is most suitable term to convey the idea of involving the telephony and computing using these two words. In todays world IT has changed whole scenario of exchanging data with the vast application of newly invented application software and also with the wireless telecommunication system using WWW. Information technology and its effects on societal ethical aspect: As far as the Societal and ethical aspects are concerned, we can see the advancement of present scenario of internet usage along with the telecommunication technology. All these aspect make the involvement of the computing device and the telephony service along with different form of exchanging data across the globe. While societal ethical aspect is concerned, there are some rules, which are imposed on the society for providing a good environment and also to restrict unethical usage of the technological advancement (Azari, 2003). While we are considering the usage of internet and the application software, we make ourselves vulnerable in front of the outer world. There are several malicious software and codes which affects our device for further usage and also steals data for our device. The internet aspect gave birth of the era of hackers. These hackers are involved to hack or to steal the data being hidden in the network they spray spam messages, generate phishing scam and so on. This in turn involved the side of ethical breach on the aspect of information security (Hannabuss, 2008). Information technology and its Ethical usage: While we are considering the Information technology, it comes as a part of our life. From the wireless communication to engagement of mobile computing make our life easy to deal with information and to manage them in an effective way. There is also the usage of protocols, those provides filtering mechanism which prompts the user or guide the user to have proper usage of the internet (Kizza, 2007). As far as the ethical usage are concerned, information technology provides such platform in the form of software application such as antivirus, firewall and the other security measure in order to protect data from the hackers or the intruders. Other than all these security measurement we should some guidelines, such as- 1. A user who is using internet should not accept the files came from the unknown person.2. An internet user should not click on the suspicious links which are known about its source.3. A user, who is using computer or mobile, should not left his/her device open to when he/she is not close to the device. In this case a hacker can steal data from the device or can misuse the data for stealing the identity.4. An internet user should not reveal his personal information to any one over social networking sites (Litzky and Oz, 2008). Developments of code of ethics associated with the above mentioned ethical issues: Code of ethics of a particular field is designed to outline the values and the mission of an organization or of a proposal. Hence it can help the professional or any individual to approach the problems based on the values to maintain. This code of ethic imposes some act and security measurement in order to serve protection on the public interest of using web based application by maintaining the data integrity. For this purpose there are so many acts, rules are imposed along with the usage of the protocol with some imposed security. These protocols provide filtering mechanism which prompts the user or guide the user to have proper usage of the internet (Mather, 2007). Developments of code of ethics maintain the under mentioned criteria in order to meet the ethical principles: Giving protection to the public interest and well maintenance of data the integrity. Ability to demonstrate QOS (quality of service) and competence. Giving proper maintenance to the privacy of the data and proper management of the confidential information. Able to avoid conflict of interest. Maintaining responsibility related to IT profession. Enforcement of issues related to a code of ethics for information technology: If we consider the giving proper maintenance to the privacy of the data and proper management of confidential information, in this case enforcement issues are considered as follows- we can impose some guidelines on maintain code of ethics for an organization or for an individual (Tipton and Krause, 2005): 1. A user who is using internet should not accept the files came from the unknown person.2. An internet user should not click on the suspicious links which are known about its source.3. A user, who is using computer or mobile, should not left his/her device open to when he/she is not close to the device. In this case a hacker can steal data from the device or can misuse the data for stealing the identity (McLean, 2011).4. An internet user should not reveal his personal information to any one over social networking sites.5. A user can use encryption mechanism in order to restrict the unauthorized access from the middle of the channel.6. User can enable parental control of an antivirus application, so that his child can experience safe browsing.7. User can enable firewall application. In this scenario firewall uses protocol where filters are in use. Filters are responsible to prompt user for safe browsing and gives alert whenever a user clicked on malicious code enabled link (Tavani, 2 004). Way to establish a code of ethics to apply within an academic institution: Code of ethics of a particular field is designed to outline the values and the mission of an organization or of a proposal. Hence it can help the professional or any individual to approach the problems based on the values to maintain. Adopted as a statement of ethical guidelines and principles, Code of ethics is shared and believed among the institutional organization and having a great impact on the individual academic staff. The code will be implemented by a working party of the staffs such as staff of the IT department of an intuition. While online studies are concerned, only students within that institution can access the institutional portal for the online studies. Web portal of a particular institution can be accessed only within the campus. Hence only the student can have the access. Online portal should have the secure browsing using SSL connection. So that, the intruders have less chances to occur security breaches (Zelkowitz, 2004). Each student should have a dedicated link to access the student section of the institutional portal. I.e. the institutional link should not be accessible by everyone. Dedicated link to the student form the institutional portal helps to give access of the online library, journal, previous year question, only to the intended students (Wengert, 2001). Conclusion: As far as the Societal and ethical aspects are concerned, we can see the advancement of present scenario of internet usage along with the telecommunication technology. All these aspect make the involvement of the computing device and the telephony service along with different form of exchanging data across the globe. Information technology provides such platform in the form of software application such as antivirus, firewall and the other security measure in order to protect data from the hackers or the intruders. Adopted as a statement of ethical guidelines and principles, Code of ethics is shared and believed among the institutional organization and having a great impact on the individual academic staff, students and among all the department of an institutional organization. References Azari, R. (2003). Current security management ethical issues of information technology. Hershey: IRM Press. Hannabuss, S. (2008). Ethics and Technology: Ethical Issues in an Age of Information and Communication Technology, 2nd edition20083Herman T Tavani. Ethics and Technology: Ethical Issues in an Age of Information and Communication Technology, 2nd edition . Chichester: John Wiley Sons Inc. 2007. xxviii + 396 pp., ISBN: ISBN 10: 0 471 99803 6, ISBN: ISBN 13: 978 0 471 99803 7 paperback 29.99. Library Review, 57(3), 253-255. doi:10.1108/00242530810865538 Kizza, J. (2007). Ethical and social issues in the information age. London: Springer-Verlag. Litzky, B., Oz, E. (2008). Ethical Issues in Information Technology. International Journal Of Information And Communication Technology Education, 4(2), 67-83. doi:10.4018/jicte.2008040106 Mather, K. (2007). Ethics and Technology: Ethical Issues in an Age of Information and Communication Technology20071Herman Tavani. Ethics and Technology: Ethical Issues in an Age of Information and Communication Technology . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons Inc. 2007. J Of Inf, Com Eth In Society, 5(1), 43-44. doi:10.1108/14779960710822683 McLean, A. (2011). Ethical frontiers of ICT and older users: cultural, pragmatic and ethical issues. Ethics And Information Technology, 13(4), 313-326. doi:10.1007/s10676-011-9276-4 Tavani, H. (2004). Ethics and technology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Tipton, H., Krause, M. (2005). Information security management handbook. [London]: Taylor Francis e-Library. Wengert, R. (2001). Ethical issues of information technology. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science. Zelkowitz, M. (2004). Information security. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press.

assess the arguements for and essays

assess the arguements for and essays Assess the arguments for and against a single European currency Britain has always been the troublesome partner in the relation with the rest of Europe, whether it is because of the indecisiveness shown in the leaders involved with the Union such as the refusal to enter in the initial stages or because of Margaret Thatchers reluctance to co-operate if decisions were not in Britains best interest. In 1969 Britain finally became a member of the European Economic Community after being vetoed twice by the French leader De Gaulle, as he was unsure of Britains commitment to the Union. This and the difficulties caused by leaders such as Margaret Thatcher for the rest of the E.E.C. suggests that there may be still some animosity between the leadership especially if Britain keeps on postponing any decisions about the Euro. Traditionally a nation of Euro sceptics, much of Britain is opposed to joining the single currency and is backed by a reactive Conservative leader and some sections of the party. The recent European election showed clearly the Conservative Partys opposition to Britain becoming too involved with Europe. The hype that the Conservative Leader has set around his campaign in these elections would have stirred public opinion against the Euro, as he continually argued about the loss of national identity. If Tony Blair continues with integrating Britain into the single currency against the majority of the publics wishes, it may be likely that he will lose the next election if the nation continues to be plagued with damning reports about the effects of the Euro. One of the main problems the Government will have to deal with is to convince the general public of the benefits of the Euro. As we this country seems to have a general sense of Britishness rather than Europeanism it may be difficult to convince them that being European is the way forward. Few people know of the overall benef...

Why Marco and Rodolfo came to America Essays

Why Marco and Rodolfo came to America Essays Why Marco and Rodolfo came to America Essay Why Marco and Rodolfo came to America Essay The play A view from the bridge the author, Arthur Miller, is presented to the audience as a tragedy but not a classical, a new, modern tragedy. I still employs the elements well known to classical tragedies but then it is set in the docks of America where illegal immigrants are not uncommon to be hiding. There are many cultural issues surrounding the play and the modern tragedy genre like the way that different cultures treat justice; in America there are laws and anyone who breaks them goes to jail but these laws are not always good enough as Alfieri says on Eddies first visit to him the law is very specific, it does not deal with every situation; The Sicilians treat justice by taking the law into their own hands and getting even in their own way. The Sicilians arrived in America in the first place to search for the American Dream of a job, money, welcome and hope for the people left behind back home. The genre of modern tragedy uses a protagonist, like classical tragedies, in the form of Eddie. Miller uses him to focus on the frailty of human nature, how humans often do not know their own feelings so cannot see what they are doing wrong: Eddie, when told by Alfieri she wants to get married, Eddie. She cant marry you, can she? , his answer of Whatre you talkin about, marry me! I dont know what the hell youre talkin about is indignant and the audience sees that Alfieri has noticed what Eddie just does not see about himself. The tragic elements used to make A View from the Bridge into a modern tragedy are taken from the old Greek classical tragedies; there is a protagonist who has a tragic flaw led by temptation followed by a downfall; a catalyst inevitably influences the outcome of the play; there is a chorus who makes comments throughout the play, warning the audience of future happenings; the protagonist has predestination throughout the play; the drama contains a violent element; the audience become involved in the drama as if they are really there; after the action, the audience experiences catharsis preceding calm being restored into oneself. Miller also uses tragic themes to accompany the tragic elements already used in the play. These themes are love, loyalty, betrayal, honour, revenge, jealousy and death and through them is displayed the two cultures; one which used to be Sicilian but has been moulded over time conforming more to the American way of life but still rooted with Sicilian beliefs; the other being completely Sicilian. Marco and Rodolfo mainly come to America to avoid the depression which was leaving many people without jobs, money or food. The time in which the play was set, a depression was upon Italy, the land in the south and Sicily was so unproductive there was hunger everywhere as Marco described my wife she feeds [the children] from her own mouth. Many Italians and Sicilians realised that in order to get money for food, they would have to emigrate. Marco has a wife and three children, the older one is sick in his chest. Marco came to America to obtain money to send out to his wife and children to pay for food and medication. Marco is excited when Eddie tells him how much money he can earn in a year and he is desperate to send his wife money: my wife I want to send right away maybe twenty dollars.

Flower Girl in Holland George Hitchock 1887 Term Paper

Flower Girl in Holland George Hitchock 1887 - Term Paper Example Hitchock uses unique materials in designing his works making his works to be presentable in the field of artistry. For instance, in the design of this work, he exploits the vast landscape as shown by the thick and firm brushwork, which he uses as the main apparatus in his work. The thick and firm brushwork indicates constant flow of motion in the painting. This illustrates the working routine of the flower girl in an evoking way. The painter illustrates the authenticity of his work in using something that everybody could have thought as having no use. Work of arts mainly depends on the authenticity of the artist that off course is an attribute of in this work. Hitchock also had a strong relationship with the women suggesting the inclusion of a flower girl as the protagonist of his work. His work is full of decorations making the sculpture to look even presentable. The work above is an exceptional for study because it provides a form of cleverly orchestrated tableaux. The painter uses the technique of gouache as shown by the squares and isosceles triangles. The squares and isosceles triangles depicts a sign of stability. A keen look at this painting shows that there is a deep meaning and reason to the idea of the painter. The motion depicted between the girl and the building conveys the exhausting rhythm which serves in showing the state of the subject. There are trees on the outside of the building making the setting seem remarkably peaceful. This is a representation of the human mind.

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Packaging analysis - Essay Example This also ensures that the product is safe for consumption till its expiry date. It is one of the old and trusted brands; it creates value for its customers because a part of the money spent on this product is spent for children’s benefit. The product creates value for retailers due to the fact that Hershey’s is a well-known brand which is widely consumed by people of all ages; for this reason they are willing to invest in the product since profits are definite (KPMG, 2012). The package aids in promotion of the product since the makers are always inclined towards making something that works; the packaging is old and it has created an identity itself. Regarding the message communicated by the product, it can be said that it is one of the oldest, tasty and reliable brands of chocolate. The chocolate cover is similar to the color of chocolate. Moreover, the product describes it as pure and simple and that is their unique selling point. As far as the ethics and environmental sustainability is concerned, they are committed towards making and delivering the products in ways that ensures both environmentally sustainability and socially responsibility; they consider business of building a better world as one of their duties. KPMG (2012).  The chocolate of tomorrow What today’s market can tell us about the future. Retrieved from

Success of the Kong Hong Crossover Film

Success of the Kong Hong Crossover Film Chapter 1 Introduction Preface The purpose for this dissertation is to discover what is crossover film and what makes the crossover film a success. The cinema of Hong Kong has consider as the pioneer of chinese language movie. Especially between the 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, most of movie fans will be familiar with names like Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan, John Wu from Hong Kong cinema. The reason why these movie star become so popular because they produce a lot of martial art film during that time. And then these martial art film brought to the western audiences. In fact, A lot of english speaking country or european start to aware of asian movie in that time. However, the English audiences might consider these martial art film as the crossover film. The English audiences think these martial art film as the crossover probably because these martial art film come with simple plot. The story are quite easy to understand for them such as the good and evil character. So the audienes are not nessesary to understand what the character speaking. Therefore, there is no language boundary when the english audiences watch it. In my research, these martial arts films in the past does not count as the crossover film. I would say the crossover film is relate to several elements which is culture references, co-production, company investment, audiences expectation, marketing, etc. Research background Back to Hong Kong cinema, The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the major movie industry in the Chinese language speaking cinema. Before 1997, Hong Kong was a colony of Britain and therefore Hong Kong had a greater freedom on economic and political than mainland China. Even in film industry, The censorship system in Mainland China have a very strHYPERLINK http://cdict.net/q/straightict rule. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Hong Kong filmmakers either steered away from criticzing China or did so in oblique ways à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“(Clara Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Farewell China,1989. P.127: Bordwell, 2000). Therefore, the Hong Kong film maker can barely sell their film or have to re-produce another verison to adapt the market in China. On the other hand, the America or other Euro country censorship syetem are vary widely than China. And a lot of Hong Kong film producers try to sell their films to some western country. But I think it was not that easy for the very beginning because the western audiences probabl y havenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t seen any kind of asian movie before. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“European and North American audiences have never been particularly interested in Asian cinema, Apart from the occasional exotic import and anime.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (D. Bordwell, 2003, P. 83) During the 1970s, the matrial art /Ku fung film become one of the major theme in Hong Kong. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Golden Harvest was the top studio, signing up Jackie Chan, the kung fu comedy actor-filmmaker who would spend the next twenty years as Asias biggest box office drawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Chan and Yang, 1998, P.  164à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"165: Bordwell, 2000). However, during the 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. there was a industry crisis because of the Asian financial crisis and also the illegal copy and download over the internet. However, there was a few local film receive a huge success even it was a hard time for film industry by that period. Those are the film that I am going to cover in my research. Chapter 2 What is crossover film? 2.1 Chapter introduction In this chapter, I will be discuss how we define crossover film especially the film made in Hong Kong. Also, Hong Kong produced a lot of martial art or action movie during the late 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and early 1900à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. And Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s probably relate to the politcal and society problem. It might be represent the identity of Hong Kong movie as the martial art film from the english audiences. And I want to find out why they have this thought. Apart from these martial art film, do they know other films that made in Hong Kong? 2.2 Hong Kong movie = Ku fung ? The Martial art movie can be chase back to 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s originally. And the Chinese people called it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film, the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is based on some fictional Chinese novel and always use of the old chinese dynasty as the background. The features of these à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? characters always appear with sword as the weapon and come with superpower. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film probably the most popular genre in the early cinema of Mainland China. I think the Chinese audiences need this kind of topic in the cinema such as heroic and myth after the post-war period. However, the chinese government strongly disapprove à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film in China as the subject matter is over superstition and violence. And some Hong Kong movie producer try to bring action movie to Hong Kong audiences in the late 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. The reason is Hong Kong had a superior level of freedom as the social culture and economy development during the colony era. That was the competitive advantage for Hong Kong could produce some action film but Mainland China. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In the British colony of Hong Kong, which had since 1950à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s transformed itself from an entreport to an industial city, the 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s was also a period of rapid economic growth and social turmoilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Po Shek fu and David Desser, P.71: Cambridge university press, 2000). Therefore, I believe the martial arts movie has became popular start by the late 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. The Martial arts movies still feature à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? style in the early Hong Kong cinema. However, there was some significant change in the Hong Kong cinema during the 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. I think the first time to allow western audiences to get to know about Hong Kong movies is the master of martial arts Bruce Lee return to Hong Kong cinema. Bruce Lees career achievement as well as cultural aspects of the film have an influence, he not only open the gate for the Chinese to first enter Hollywood, but also created his own philosophy on martial arts Jeet Kune Do. And make Action movies become one of the mainstream genres in Hong Kong. The early co-production with hollywood (Warner Bros) and Hong Kong (Golden Harvest) was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Enter the Dragonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in 1973. It was also the first time Hong Kong attempt to break into western audiences market. The film combined the traditional Kung fu and James bond action style genres. It wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t really successful for the first breakthrough with western audiences because Lee dead in 1973. And then the action movie production seem to be lay low for while. This situation change until Golden Harvest studio sign up Jackie Chan as the action movie star. Jackie Chan as early as 1982 when it began to break into the Hollywood market, but he does not run smoothly into the international road. His first foray into the international market film called Cannonball Run. Unfortunately at the box office failure, And then after many years later Jackie took the first Hollywood movie Rush Hour which made him become popular in Hollywood. During the 70à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"early 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, Hong Kong exported a lot of local movie to western country. In my opinon, I think the western audiences probably consider the early Hong Kong action movie as the crossover film. But I think these action movies just the films that made in Hong Kong. Therefore, I m going to look for the real definition for crossover film in next paragraph. 2.3 The definition of crossover film In fact, I canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t find any book that mention about the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“crossover filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? during my research. However, I found some other sourse over the internet to explain what is crossover film. Also I will use my own understanding to outline the definition of crossover film through the research. When I start typing the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“crossover filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? on google search engine. I found this web blogger called Pardesi over the internet and talk about what he/she thinks about crossover film. This blogger Pardesi make a compare between two successful crossover films which is Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon and Slumdog Millionaire in the blog entry. Pardesi suggest that the definition of crossover film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Such films go beyond the traditional markets in the home country, or already exploited by films from the country, and usually end up making a lot of money.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Pardesi, (2010). In my opinion, I think Pardesi only suggest c rossover film more concern by marketing way. However, I believe crossover film can be relate many different elements apart from marketing. Firstly, I think it can separate into two parts which is the crossover film itself and the production. The crossover film itself can develop to culture, actor, and audiences expectation, and narrative structure. And the production element can define as company investment, finanical, special effect, and film location or studio. I think culture represent a lot within the crossover film because it can show some of the local element to western audiences. Also, it probably involve different actor from different coutry or speak different language. And the most important one is audiences expectation, the western audiences might expect to see something where the local film specialize at , or something they probably wont see from the english movie. for example, Martial art, high population or modern city scene. The second part to define crossover film is about production. firstly, it might involve western company to invest Hong Kong movie and re-packaging the film to be come suitable western marketing. Even finanical support is key element as produce a crossover film. Some western film production company might already own their advanced technology to create some imaginary scenes. However, these are just the thoughts come from my research. I will be provide some evidences to proof these elements are relevant. 2.4 Chapter summary This chapter has mainly introduced the theories and article which relevant in this research. It can give some idea to the reader about the crossover film. Also have the primary understanding about the marketing side and production side of the crossover film. In next chapter, I will discuss more about the elements which make the crossover film success. Chapter 3 The Crossover films 3.1 Chapter introduction The purpose of this chapter is to use three significant crossover films as the example. And then I will discuss the key elements which bring them to become sucessfull around the global. The films I will be focus on Kung Fu Hustle(2004), The film saved Hong Kong film industrial during the global economic crisis and the local film industrial decline. The second film I will look at is Rush Hour (1998), see how the western audiences expectation change from crossover film. Finlly, I will discuss how cross-movies in the western region of Hong Kongs success, rather than in Hong Kong by using à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? 3.2 Crossover to international à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Stephen Chowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Kung Fu Hustleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? During the late 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, hong kong movie industrial met a several crisis. The internet technology was developing extremely fast. People start sharing the movie over the internet, or even purchase the illegal movie DVD copies rather than go to the cinema . Some movie production studio find it difficult to maintain the movie production as the box office decline. However, Hong Kong actor Stephen chow seem to be saved this crisis for Hong Kong movie industrial. Hong Kongs population is 7,061,200. As a small population and economic decline region, Some Hong Kong movie studio find it hard to survive. Therefore, they can only rely on producing some low budget film to maintain the business. Nevertheless, the cinema of Hong Kong still find the way to survive from mainland China and international market. Kung Fu Hustle 2004 is a one of the great successful example. The film recieve highly positive result. Before Kung Fu Hustle, there are several film which co-production with Columbria studio. Howeve, these film have failed at the box office because they remain a little local flavour. The western audiences probably more familiar with one of the most popular actor in Hong Kong Stephen Chow. He created his own comedy style on acting called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mo lei tauà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? , this term can be referred to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Silly talkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“During an interview with Stephen Chow for his 2006 Asian Invasion season, the BBCs film critic Jonathan Ross referred to the genre as Silly Talk, a label that Chow was happy to accept.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Wikipedia. 2011. Mo lei tau), the interview also avalible on YouTube(Asian Invasion Episode 2 Part 2) . Stephen Chow produced the first film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Shaolin Soccerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? which break through the western market. However, the second film Kung Fu Hustle Stephen Chow became an international success. Columbia pictures impressed by stephen previous film Shaolin Soccer and wanted to provide finanical support to Stehpen. As a result, Stehpen came up the new idea on the film Kung Fu Hustle in 2004. Stephen Chow also is an actor himself, he started his acting career from a local television. In early 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, he began to making film with his Mo lei tau comedy style. But this kind of acting style only limited to cantonese speakers understanding. Therefore, Stephen tried not to put too much Mo lei tau acting style in Kung Fu Hustle, and used the CGI and pop culture references instead. In addition, Stephen co production with Columbria studio and several film studio in mainland China. In my opinion, I think such as this kind of collaboration with western movie studio is quite benefit to Hong Kong film industrial. The reason is western movie studio has already built up a very mature technique on film production. Also, they developed some advance computer graphic during the editing part. This is a great improvement on visual effect for the Hong Kong film, so the CGI technology can perform the scene that impossible become possible. For example, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Kung Fu Hustleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? refer a lot of superhuman ability combine with martial art. During the interview with BBC, Stephen said this kind of technology did a great help for his film, but he insist to put CGI graphic as the assistant role for the film. I agree what Stephen says because it wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t lose the originality with martial art element. Also, the CGI effect just play a little role that make western audiences easier accept the film rather than produce the stereotype martial art movie. The western audiences probably have seen a lot different martial art film from the past. Furthermore, the Hollywood production system more focus on quality rather than quantity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Hollywood directors count themselves lucky to make a film every three yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦In the late 1990s Andre Lau( Hong Kong director) was directing as many as 4 films per year.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (David B, P.  117 2003). In such a condition, I think hong kong filmmaker can only produce some low budget film and lack of idea on creating some stunning story. Therefore, I reckon the collaboration between western film studio and Hong Kong film maker which is quite benefit to Hong Kong film to break through western market. Apart from big company support, Stephen Chow also wanted try some new element into the film such as put a several American pop culture in different scenes. These references including Road Runner à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wile E. Coyote and Road Runnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? , and a dance scene which refer to Amercian musical à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“West side storyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and the horror scene à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Shingingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?1908. When I look at some Hong Kong movie in the past, I think they cant become mainstream movie in western country because the film is more focus on local audiences taste. Only some of the popular martial art or action movie can be sell to western. Beside, the western audiences only understand because these film content involve simple plot such as bad character get beat up by the good character. It might be already label that Hong Kong movie represent martial art or kung fu in some sence. Therefore, I believe the way to make western audiences re-consider Hong Kong movie not just another martial art or action film could be consider to put some western pop culture. This is not only reduce the language boundry, but also bring up some new element to the film. 3.3 Cultural cross-over movieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Even Stephen Chowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s gain a hugh success from western market. There is still some movie fans not quite fancy foreign film. Especially the film is based on chinese language. According to producer Terence Chang à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A lot of Hong Kong films have things that I think American audiences canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t accept.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? D. Bordwell (P.19 ,2000) In 1998, Jackie Chan finally arrived to Hollywood. Chanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? series become at Rank #1 at the North American box-office with a weekend gross of $33 million in September 1998 (figure on Appendix -1) Which is unexpected result for foreign film. I would say the Martial Art combine buddy movie opened the gate for crossover film. The movie applied the buddy film style like the hollywood film normally use. In Rush Hour, it is about a Chinese inspector and American detective. The character James Carter (Chris Tucker) keeps the American comedy element in the film, and Inspector Lee (Jackie Chan) remain his action scenes throughout the movie. I think the audiences have never seen the buddy film like this before which bring a lot of new visual elements to them. However, Jackie Chan reveal on his official blog that he didnt really like the film and he felt very disappointed. Chan Said, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I felt the style of action was too Americanized and I didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand the American humor.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Which I consider the film might suitable for western audiences rather than local audiences. In à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? series, there are a lot of jokes which based on minority racial stereotypes in Amer ican society. I think that makes the film easier to get accepted by majority white audiences. The two character portray totally different personality. Carter portray as a loud, speak with high pitch, impulsive, childish Black man who often causing trouble, Lee is a respectful Asian man who good at Kung Fu. According to King (2002) points out that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reduce any threat created by the spectacle of a seemingly dominating Black characterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (p. 149).These features of both characters become likeable for the western audiences. In Bar fighting scene, Lee says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Whats up my Niggerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? to the bartender because Carter said that to the African customer. But Lee doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand the wordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?Niggerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is a racist word to African. I think the director uses quite a lot this kind of jokes in the film to reflect the culture differences from society. In contrast with Jackie Chanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s earlier Hong Kong action movie. He represented as a masculinity and tough character most of the time. But in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, character Lee who always wanted help the FBI to solve the case. And the FBI try to use character Carter to send Lee away. Altough White Character involved small role in this film. I think the director still want White character to portray as important position in the film. 3.4 Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Crouching Tiger was very well received in the Western world, however Crouching Tiger was widely dismissed as just another wuxia film among many others in asia.) Chapter 4 Research Methodology 4.1 Chapter introduction The purpose of the primary research provide the basic level of understanding for the researcher. I will use questionnaire during the primary research. The questionnaire will be conducted ten questions which indicate the western audiences interest on crossover film. The result will indicate the future trends for crossover film. This chapter will be described how the methodology adopt and analysis research question. Furthermore, this chapter is going to explain the research design, research location, sampling design and data collection process, survey instrument, and ethical issue. 4.2 Research processes Primary research: Survey ÃÆ'  Questionnaire by Student/Internet users ÃÆ'  Collect from: Northampton/ linking the questionnaire on facebook ÃÆ'  Analyze results In primary research, it will be carry out a questionnaire research. According to Ticehurst, Gregory W (2000: P.135) defined a questionnaire survey is the way to collect information from individual by using a set of question. Therefore, I believe the first to do is focus on what type of information and respondent are looking for. Then start to think about an appropriate questions for the research. The primary research will only take 10% part of this dissertation. The reason is I am hoping to get about medium size of response rate from that. Here is the brief descript type of questionnaire survey will be use: Type of questionnaire Cost Length of questionnaire Response rate Street/University/Internet Low Short Medium 4.3 Research Location The questionnaire survey is taken place from the three locations in Northampton which are the Abbeyfield school , Northampton town center and University of Northampton. The reason of chosen these place to research because it can save time to traveling different places which far way from Northampton. Further more, it can widely spread collecting the data over the internet. 4.4 Survey Instrument Development The questionnaire (Appendix). There are 3 parts of the questionnaire. The first part is about personal information such as age, gender. this is designed to collect the demographic data of the respondents. Then, the second part is about the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s knowledge on crossover film. That is to collect the information about how much respondent know about crossover film. Finally, the third part is about respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest on crossover film. And that is designed to what sort element the respondent like so I can provide the recommendation for the future crossover film. 4.5 Ethic Issue in Research The protection for the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s information is one of the most important thing in the research. In à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Doing your research projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, According to the Judith Bell (2005: 51) the researcher can follow two things to maintain the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right when they carry out a research. 1.) Keep the participant innominate. 2.) Treat all the information as confidential file which from the respondent. However, My questionnaire is based on personal opinion rather than personal details. Therefore, I suppose my research will not meet any ethical issue. Chapter 5 Conclusion 5.1 The future for the crossover film 5.2 Conclusion Appendix Part -1 Rush Hour Domestic Total Gross: $141,186,864 Distributor: New Line Release Date: September 18, 1998 Genre: Action Comedy Runtime: 1 hrs. 37 min. MPAA Rating: PG-13 Production Budget: $33 million 1998 Date (click to view chart) Rank Weekend Gross % Change Theaters Change / Avg. Gross-to-Date Week # Sep 18à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"20 1 $33,001,803 2,638 $12,510 $33,001,803 1 Sep 25à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"27 1 $21,202,929 -35.8% 2,643 +5 $8,022 $64,037,138 2 Oct 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"4 3 $14,492,122 -31.7% 2,701 +58 $5,365 $84,014,663 3 Oct 9à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"11 2 $11,105,465 -23.4% 2,701 $4,111 $98,382,886 4 Oct 16à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"18 4 $8,247,411 -25.7% 2,724 +23 $3,027 $109,911,590 5 Oct 23à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"25 6 $5,860,347 -28.9% 2,602 -122 $2,252 $117,284,969 6 Oct 30à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nov 1 6 $3,799,380 -35.2% 2,402 -200 $1,581 $122,428,446 7 Nov 6à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"8 10 $3,322,424 -12.6% 2,043 -359 $1,626 $127,044,896 8 Nov 13à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"15 11 $1,866,524 -43.8% 1,615 -428 $1,155 $129,829,673 9 Sources from: http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rushhour.htm Part -2 I am a student from University of Northampton. I am going to conduct a survey about the Crossover film that made in Hong Kong. I would be grateful if you could finish this questionnaire. Your honest view is taken with highly to appreciate. All the information in the questionnaire will be kept confidential for analysis only. Thank you very much. (Please tick the appropriate box) Gender à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Male à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Female Age à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 15 ~ 25 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 25 ~ 35 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 35~ 45 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 45 ~ above Do you know any of these asian movie stars from below? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Jackie Chan à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Bruce Lee à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Jet Li à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Stephen Chow à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Andy Lau à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Tony Leung à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Other ________________ Have you ever watched any other films that has been made in Hong Kong? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Not sure if the film is made in Hong Kong 5. How often do you watch Hong Kong movies? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Daily à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Weekly à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Monthly à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Occasionally 6. Do you think Hong Kong movies representing martial arts? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Not sure Do you understand what the story is about when you watch crossover films? If the film is using original Chinese language, just subtitles. (such as these films for example) Shaolin soccer, kung fu hustle, Internal affairs, In the mood for love à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡No 8. Do you prefer to see the actor you familiar with from Hong Kong movie? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No What sort of things do you expect to see when you watch a Hong Kong movie? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Kung Fu fighting à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Action movie star à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Local culture à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Comedy Would you recommend friends to watch film that made in Hong Kong? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡No Success of the Kong Hong Crossover Film Success of the Kong Hong Crossover Film Chapter 1 Introduction Preface The purpose for this dissertation is to discover what is crossover film and what makes the crossover film a success. The cinema of Hong Kong has consider as the pioneer of chinese language movie. Especially between the 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, most of movie fans will be familiar with names like Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan, John Wu from Hong Kong cinema. The reason why these movie star become so popular because they produce a lot of martial art film during that time. And then these martial art film brought to the western audiences. In fact, A lot of english speaking country or european start to aware of asian movie in that time. However, the English audiences might consider these martial art film as the crossover film. The English audiences think these martial art film as the crossover probably because these martial art film come with simple plot. The story are quite easy to understand for them such as the good and evil character. So the audienes are not nessesary to understand what the character speaking. Therefore, there is no language boundary when the english audiences watch it. In my research, these martial arts films in the past does not count as the crossover film. I would say the crossover film is relate to several elements which is culture references, co-production, company investment, audiences expectation, marketing, etc. Research background Back to Hong Kong cinema, The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the major movie industry in the Chinese language speaking cinema. Before 1997, Hong Kong was a colony of Britain and therefore Hong Kong had a greater freedom on economic and political than mainland China. Even in film industry, The censorship system in Mainland China have a very strHYPERLINK http://cdict.net/q/straightict rule. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Hong Kong filmmakers either steered away from criticzing China or did so in oblique ways à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“(Clara Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Farewell China,1989. P.127: Bordwell, 2000). Therefore, the Hong Kong film maker can barely sell their film or have to re-produce another verison to adapt the market in China. On the other hand, the America or other Euro country censorship syetem are vary widely than China. And a lot of Hong Kong film producers try to sell their films to some western country. But I think it was not that easy for the very beginning because the western audiences probabl y havenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t seen any kind of asian movie before. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“European and North American audiences have never been particularly interested in Asian cinema, Apart from the occasional exotic import and anime.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (D. Bordwell, 2003, P. 83) During the 1970s, the matrial art /Ku fung film become one of the major theme in Hong Kong. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Golden Harvest was the top studio, signing up Jackie Chan, the kung fu comedy actor-filmmaker who would spend the next twenty years as Asias biggest box office drawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Chan and Yang, 1998, P.  164à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"165: Bordwell, 2000). However, during the 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. there was a industry crisis because of the Asian financial crisis and also the illegal copy and download over the internet. However, there was a few local film receive a huge success even it was a hard time for film industry by that period. Those are the film that I am going to cover in my research. Chapter 2 What is crossover film? 2.1 Chapter introduction In this chapter, I will be discuss how we define crossover film especially the film made in Hong Kong. Also, Hong Kong produced a lot of martial art or action movie during the late 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and early 1900à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. And Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s probably relate to the politcal and society problem. It might be represent the identity of Hong Kong movie as the martial art film from the english audiences. And I want to find out why they have this thought. Apart from these martial art film, do they know other films that made in Hong Kong? 2.2 Hong Kong movie = Ku fung ? The Martial art movie can be chase back to 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s originally. And the Chinese people called it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film, the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is based on some fictional Chinese novel and always use of the old chinese dynasty as the background. The features of these à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? characters always appear with sword as the weapon and come with superpower. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film probably the most popular genre in the early cinema of Mainland China. I think the Chinese audiences need this kind of topic in the cinema such as heroic and myth after the post-war period. However, the chinese government strongly disapprove à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film in China as the subject matter is over superstition and violence. And some Hong Kong movie producer try to bring action movie to Hong Kong audiences in the late 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. The reason is Hong Kong had a superior level of freedom as the social culture and economy development during the colony era. That was the competitive advantage for Hong Kong could produce some action film but Mainland China. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In the British colony of Hong Kong, which had since 1950à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s transformed itself from an entreport to an industial city, the 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s was also a period of rapid economic growth and social turmoilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Po Shek fu and David Desser, P.71: Cambridge university press, 2000). Therefore, I believe the martial arts movie has became popular start by the late 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. The Martial arts movies still feature à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? style in the early Hong Kong cinema. However, there was some significant change in the Hong Kong cinema during the 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. I think the first time to allow western audiences to get to know about Hong Kong movies is the master of martial arts Bruce Lee return to Hong Kong cinema. Bruce Lees career achievement as well as cultural aspects of the film have an influence, he not only open the gate for the Chinese to first enter Hollywood, but also created his own philosophy on martial arts Jeet Kune Do. And make Action movies become one of the mainstream genres in Hong Kong. The early co-production with hollywood (Warner Bros) and Hong Kong (Golden Harvest) was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Enter the Dragonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in 1973. It was also the first time Hong Kong attempt to break into western audiences market. The film combined the traditional Kung fu and James bond action style genres. It wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t really successful for the first breakthrough with western audiences because Lee dead in 1973. And then the action movie production seem to be lay low for while. This situation change until Golden Harvest studio sign up Jackie Chan as the action movie star. Jackie Chan as early as 1982 when it began to break into the Hollywood market, but he does not run smoothly into the international road. His first foray into the international market film called Cannonball Run. Unfortunately at the box office failure, And then after many years later Jackie took the first Hollywood movie Rush Hour which made him become popular in Hollywood. During the 70à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"early 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, Hong Kong exported a lot of local movie to western country. In my opinon, I think the western audiences probably consider the early Hong Kong action movie as the crossover film. But I think these action movies just the films that made in Hong Kong. Therefore, I m going to look for the real definition for crossover film in next paragraph. 2.3 The definition of crossover film In fact, I canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t find any book that mention about the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“crossover filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? during my research. However, I found some other sourse over the internet to explain what is crossover film. Also I will use my own understanding to outline the definition of crossover film through the research. When I start typing the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“crossover filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? on google search engine. I found this web blogger called Pardesi over the internet and talk about what he/she thinks about crossover film. This blogger Pardesi make a compare between two successful crossover films which is Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon and Slumdog Millionaire in the blog entry. Pardesi suggest that the definition of crossover film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Such films go beyond the traditional markets in the home country, or already exploited by films from the country, and usually end up making a lot of money.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Pardesi, (2010). In my opinion, I think Pardesi only suggest c rossover film more concern by marketing way. However, I believe crossover film can be relate many different elements apart from marketing. Firstly, I think it can separate into two parts which is the crossover film itself and the production. The crossover film itself can develop to culture, actor, and audiences expectation, and narrative structure. And the production element can define as company investment, finanical, special effect, and film location or studio. I think culture represent a lot within the crossover film because it can show some of the local element to western audiences. Also, it probably involve different actor from different coutry or speak different language. And the most important one is audiences expectation, the western audiences might expect to see something where the local film specialize at , or something they probably wont see from the english movie. for example, Martial art, high population or modern city scene. The second part to define crossover film is about production. firstly, it might involve western company to invest Hong Kong movie and re-packaging the film to be come suitable western marketing. Even finanical support is key element as produce a crossover film. Some western film production company might already own their advanced technology to create some imaginary scenes. However, these are just the thoughts come from my research. I will be provide some evidences to proof these elements are relevant. 2.4 Chapter summary This chapter has mainly introduced the theories and article which relevant in this research. It can give some idea to the reader about the crossover film. Also have the primary understanding about the marketing side and production side of the crossover film. In next chapter, I will discuss more about the elements which make the crossover film success. Chapter 3 The Crossover films 3.1 Chapter introduction The purpose of this chapter is to use three significant crossover films as the example. And then I will discuss the key elements which bring them to become sucessfull around the global. The films I will be focus on Kung Fu Hustle(2004), The film saved Hong Kong film industrial during the global economic crisis and the local film industrial decline. The second film I will look at is Rush Hour (1998), see how the western audiences expectation change from crossover film. Finlly, I will discuss how cross-movies in the western region of Hong Kongs success, rather than in Hong Kong by using à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? 3.2 Crossover to international à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Stephen Chowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Kung Fu Hustleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? During the late 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, hong kong movie industrial met a several crisis. The internet technology was developing extremely fast. People start sharing the movie over the internet, or even purchase the illegal movie DVD copies rather than go to the cinema . Some movie production studio find it difficult to maintain the movie production as the box office decline. However, Hong Kong actor Stephen chow seem to be saved this crisis for Hong Kong movie industrial. Hong Kongs population is 7,061,200. As a small population and economic decline region, Some Hong Kong movie studio find it hard to survive. Therefore, they can only rely on producing some low budget film to maintain the business. Nevertheless, the cinema of Hong Kong still find the way to survive from mainland China and international market. Kung Fu Hustle 2004 is a one of the great successful example. The film recieve highly positive result. Before Kung Fu Hustle, there are several film which co-production with Columbria studio. Howeve, these film have failed at the box office because they remain a little local flavour. The western audiences probably more familiar with one of the most popular actor in Hong Kong Stephen Chow. He created his own comedy style on acting called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mo lei tauà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? , this term can be referred to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Silly talkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“During an interview with Stephen Chow for his 2006 Asian Invasion season, the BBCs film critic Jonathan Ross referred to the genre as Silly Talk, a label that Chow was happy to accept.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Wikipedia. 2011. Mo lei tau), the interview also avalible on YouTube(Asian Invasion Episode 2 Part 2) . Stephen Chow produced the first film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Shaolin Soccerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? which break through the western market. However, the second film Kung Fu Hustle Stephen Chow became an international success. Columbia pictures impressed by stephen previous film Shaolin Soccer and wanted to provide finanical support to Stehpen. As a result, Stehpen came up the new idea on the film Kung Fu Hustle in 2004. Stephen Chow also is an actor himself, he started his acting career from a local television. In early 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, he began to making film with his Mo lei tau comedy style. But this kind of acting style only limited to cantonese speakers understanding. Therefore, Stephen tried not to put too much Mo lei tau acting style in Kung Fu Hustle, and used the CGI and pop culture references instead. In addition, Stephen co production with Columbria studio and several film studio in mainland China. In my opinion, I think such as this kind of collaboration with western movie studio is quite benefit to Hong Kong film industrial. The reason is western movie studio has already built up a very mature technique on film production. Also, they developed some advance computer graphic during the editing part. This is a great improvement on visual effect for the Hong Kong film, so the CGI technology can perform the scene that impossible become possible. For example, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Kung Fu Hustleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? refer a lot of superhuman ability combine with martial art. During the interview with BBC, Stephen said this kind of technology did a great help for his film, but he insist to put CGI graphic as the assistant role for the film. I agree what Stephen says because it wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t lose the originality with martial art element. Also, the CGI effect just play a little role that make western audiences easier accept the film rather than produce the stereotype martial art movie. The western audiences probably have seen a lot different martial art film from the past. Furthermore, the Hollywood production system more focus on quality rather than quantity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Hollywood directors count themselves lucky to make a film every three yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦In the late 1990s Andre Lau( Hong Kong director) was directing as many as 4 films per year.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (David B, P.  117 2003). In such a condition, I think hong kong filmmaker can only produce some low budget film and lack of idea on creating some stunning story. Therefore, I reckon the collaboration between western film studio and Hong Kong film maker which is quite benefit to Hong Kong film to break through western market. Apart from big company support, Stephen Chow also wanted try some new element into the film such as put a several American pop culture in different scenes. These references including Road Runner à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wile E. Coyote and Road Runnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? , and a dance scene which refer to Amercian musical à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“West side storyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and the horror scene à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Shingingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?1908. When I look at some Hong Kong movie in the past, I think they cant become mainstream movie in western country because the film is more focus on local audiences taste. Only some of the popular martial art or action movie can be sell to western. Beside, the western audiences only understand because these film content involve simple plot such as bad character get beat up by the good character. It might be already label that Hong Kong movie represent martial art or kung fu in some sence. Therefore, I believe the way to make western audiences re-consider Hong Kong movie not just another martial art or action film could be consider to put some western pop culture. This is not only reduce the language boundry, but also bring up some new element to the film. 3.3 Cultural cross-over movieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Even Stephen Chowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s gain a hugh success from western market. There is still some movie fans not quite fancy foreign film. Especially the film is based on chinese language. According to producer Terence Chang à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A lot of Hong Kong films have things that I think American audiences canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t accept.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? D. Bordwell (P.19 ,2000) In 1998, Jackie Chan finally arrived to Hollywood. Chanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? series become at Rank #1 at the North American box-office with a weekend gross of $33 million in September 1998 (figure on Appendix -1) Which is unexpected result for foreign film. I would say the Martial Art combine buddy movie opened the gate for crossover film. The movie applied the buddy film style like the hollywood film normally use. In Rush Hour, it is about a Chinese inspector and American detective. The character James Carter (Chris Tucker) keeps the American comedy element in the film, and Inspector Lee (Jackie Chan) remain his action scenes throughout the movie. I think the audiences have never seen the buddy film like this before which bring a lot of new visual elements to them. However, Jackie Chan reveal on his official blog that he didnt really like the film and he felt very disappointed. Chan Said, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I felt the style of action was too Americanized and I didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand the American humor.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Which I consider the film might suitable for western audiences rather than local audiences. In à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? series, there are a lot of jokes which based on minority racial stereotypes in Amer ican society. I think that makes the film easier to get accepted by majority white audiences. The two character portray totally different personality. Carter portray as a loud, speak with high pitch, impulsive, childish Black man who often causing trouble, Lee is a respectful Asian man who good at Kung Fu. According to King (2002) points out that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reduce any threat created by the spectacle of a seemingly dominating Black characterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (p. 149).These features of both characters become likeable for the western audiences. In Bar fighting scene, Lee says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Whats up my Niggerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? to the bartender because Carter said that to the African customer. But Lee doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand the wordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?Niggerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is a racist word to African. I think the director uses quite a lot this kind of jokes in the film to reflect the culture differences from society. In contrast with Jackie Chanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s earlier Hong Kong action movie. He represented as a masculinity and tough character most of the time. But in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, character Lee who always wanted help the FBI to solve the case. And the FBI try to use character Carter to send Lee away. Altough White Character involved small role in this film. I think the director still want White character to portray as important position in the film. 3.4 Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Crouching Tiger was very well received in the Western world, however Crouching Tiger was widely dismissed as just another wuxia film among many others in asia.) Chapter 4 Research Methodology 4.1 Chapter introduction The purpose of the primary research provide the basic level of understanding for the researcher. I will use questionnaire during the primary research. The questionnaire will be conducted ten questions which indicate the western audiences interest on crossover film. The result will indicate the future trends for crossover film. This chapter will be described how the methodology adopt and analysis research question. Furthermore, this chapter is going to explain the research design, research location, sampling design and data collection process, survey instrument, and ethical issue. 4.2 Research processes Primary research: Survey ÃÆ'  Questionnaire by Student/Internet users ÃÆ'  Collect from: Northampton/ linking the questionnaire on facebook ÃÆ'  Analyze results In primary research, it will be carry out a questionnaire research. According to Ticehurst, Gregory W (2000: P.135) defined a questionnaire survey is the way to collect information from individual by using a set of question. Therefore, I believe the first to do is focus on what type of information and respondent are looking for. Then start to think about an appropriate questions for the research. The primary research will only take 10% part of this dissertation. The reason is I am hoping to get about medium size of response rate from that. Here is the brief descript type of questionnaire survey will be use: Type of questionnaire Cost Length of questionnaire Response rate Street/University/Internet Low Short Medium 4.3 Research Location The questionnaire survey is taken place from the three locations in Northampton which are the Abbeyfield school , Northampton town center and University of Northampton. The reason of chosen these place to research because it can save time to traveling different places which far way from Northampton. Further more, it can widely spread collecting the data over the internet. 4.4 Survey Instrument Development The questionnaire (Appendix). There are 3 parts of the questionnaire. The first part is about personal information such as age, gender. this is designed to collect the demographic data of the respondents. Then, the second part is about the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s knowledge on crossover film. That is to collect the information about how much respondent know about crossover film. Finally, the third part is about respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest on crossover film. And that is designed to what sort element the respondent like so I can provide the recommendation for the future crossover film. 4.5 Ethic Issue in Research The protection for the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s information is one of the most important thing in the research. In à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Doing your research projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, According to the Judith Bell (2005: 51) the researcher can follow two things to maintain the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right when they carry out a research. 1.) Keep the participant innominate. 2.) Treat all the information as confidential file which from the respondent. However, My questionnaire is based on personal opinion rather than personal details. Therefore, I suppose my research will not meet any ethical issue. Chapter 5 Conclusion 5.1 The future for the crossover film 5.2 Conclusion Appendix Part -1 Rush Hour Domestic Total Gross: $141,186,864 Distributor: New Line Release Date: September 18, 1998 Genre: Action Comedy Runtime: 1 hrs. 37 min. MPAA Rating: PG-13 Production Budget: $33 million 1998 Date (click to view chart) Rank Weekend Gross % Change Theaters Change / Avg. Gross-to-Date Week # Sep 18à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"20 1 $33,001,803 2,638 $12,510 $33,001,803 1 Sep 25à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"27 1 $21,202,929 -35.8% 2,643 +5 $8,022 $64,037,138 2 Oct 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"4 3 $14,492,122 -31.7% 2,701 +58 $5,365 $84,014,663 3 Oct 9à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"11 2 $11,105,465 -23.4% 2,701 $4,111 $98,382,886 4 Oct 16à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"18 4 $8,247,411 -25.7% 2,724 +23 $3,027 $109,911,590 5 Oct 23à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"25 6 $5,860,347 -28.9% 2,602 -122 $2,252 $117,284,969 6 Oct 30à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nov 1 6 $3,799,380 -35.2% 2,402 -200 $1,581 $122,428,446 7 Nov 6à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"8 10 $3,322,424 -12.6% 2,043 -359 $1,626 $127,044,896 8 Nov 13à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"15 11 $1,866,524 -43.8% 1,615 -428 $1,155 $129,829,673 9 Sources from: http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rushhour.htm Part -2 I am a student from University of Northampton. I am going to conduct a survey about the Crossover film that made in Hong Kong. I would be grateful if you could finish this questionnaire. Your honest view is taken with highly to appreciate. All the information in the questionnaire will be kept confidential for analysis only. Thank you very much. (Please tick the appropriate box) Gender à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Male à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Female Age à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 15 ~ 25 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 25 ~ 35 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 35~ 45 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 45 ~ above Do you know any of these asian movie stars from below? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Jackie Chan à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Bruce Lee à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Jet Li à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Stephen Chow à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Andy Lau à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Tony Leung à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Other ________________ Have you ever watched any other films that has been made in Hong Kong? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Not sure if the film is made in Hong Kong 5. How often do you watch Hong Kong movies? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Daily à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Weekly à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Monthly à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Occasionally 6. Do you think Hong Kong movies representing martial arts? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Not sure Do you understand what the story is about when you watch crossover films? If the film is using original Chinese language, just subtitles. (such as these films for example) Shaolin soccer, kung fu hustle, Internal affairs, In the mood for love à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡No 8. Do you prefer to see the actor you familiar with from Hong Kong movie? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No What sort of things do you expect to see when you watch a Hong Kong movie? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Kung Fu fighting à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Action movie star à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Local culture à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Comedy Would you recommend friends to watch film that made in Hong Kong? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡No